Time for transfer

He estimated a thickness of about 25 A of the bond water layer. This value is similar to the extension of the H-bonds in bulk water and would mean in a simple model that the biopolymer surface prevents the flickering of the defects in water. Garlid has found too that the bound water on mitochondria is a solvent of H-bonding organic molecules275. If his interpretation is correct, solutes in the secondary hydrate sphere would get more immobile. The time for transfer in cells is increased. —... 

As an example of excitation energy transfer studied by time-resolved fluorescence, let us take again the case of the inclusion complex of the multichromophoric cyclodextrin CD-St with oxazine 725 described in Section 7.2.4.2 [15]. Figure 7.9 shows the fluorescence decay of CD-St the very first part of the decay is due to energy transfer [13] from the steroidic naphthalene fluorophores to oxazine 725. Data analysis led to an average decay time for transfer of about 25 ps, which is quite fast, as expected from the short average distance between donor and acceptor ( 9-10 A). 

The requirement for nuclei to experience identical local fields during the mixing time for transfer to occur between them is also referred to as the Hartmann-Hahn match. More formally and more generally, this may be... 

Figure 6.53 Temperature vs pot hold-up time for transfer molding FEP. ">...

The problem associated with the ex-situ technique is the fact that a finite time exists between radical generation at the electrode and its detection within the ESR cavity. The time for transfer of solution restricts the technique to long-lived radical species. This problem was alleviated, to some extent, without resorting to in-situ techniques by Albery et al. [29-33] who made use of the tubular electrode shown in Fig. 12. The electrode consisted of an annular ring which formed part of the wall of a tube through which solution flowed. The tube was situated centrally within the ESR cavity with the electrode immediately upstream outside the cavity. 

Lag time for transfer from a vehicle to the SC combined with diffusion across the SC... 

Dedicated software supports rather sophisticated techniques. For instance, peak detection enables adjustment of the time for transfer to GC to signals recorded by the LC detector, thus compensating for shifts in retention times. 

BLAKELY For low conductivity crystals it is necessary to use a negative feedback arrangement to maintain the field outside the crystal at zero. Highly insulating crystals will also show long term drift effects due to the relaxation time for transfer of real charge to and from the surface. Crystals such as NaCl are extremely difficult to work with. 

Cycle times for injection moulding of thermosets can often be reduced dramatically compared with compression moulding, sometimes to as much as a sixth. Times for transfer moulding would probably be somewhere in between. 

The fluctuations in the number of monomers in each unentangled loop also relax. For N i to go up by one, either neighbor must go down one, making the average leveling of these instantaneous fluctuations a diffusion problem along the tube. If the time for transfer of a monomer is r, then the terminal relaxation time is and there is a Rouse-like spectrum of shorter relaxation times down to t. ... 

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