Stimulants, growth

The relationship between flow and tubercle growth is dichotomous. Low flow may stimulate growth, but zero flow (so that water contacting... 

U.S. Congress passes Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA). This law requires utilities to purchase electricity from qualified independent power producers. Portions of the act helped stimulate growth... 

Unidentified Stimulators. Growth-inhibitory materials in, or secreted by, plants have for the most part been emphasized in this paper. However, root secretions of many plants also contain constituents required for the germination of seeds of angiospermous root parasites (Striga, Orobanche, Alectra, and Sopubia genera). This phenomenon has been reviewed by Brown (17). Striga asiatica was identified for the first time in the western hemisphere in 1956 in two... 

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a 15.5 kDa glycosylated protein produced by helper T-cells in response to an antigen and interleukin-1. Ligation of the IL-2 receptor (expressed by a number of lymphocytes) by IL-2 stimulates growth, differentiation and survival. 

A second focus for chemical engineers in agriculture is the improvement of veterinary pharmaceuticals (e.g., peptide hormones that promise to stimulate growth, fecundity, and feed efficiency in farm animals) and vaccines. The prospects for improvement of these compounds parallel the bright prospects for human pharmaceuticals and vaccines, and the requirements for chemical engineering expertise are similar. 

Wu Q, DL Bedard, J Wiegel (1999) 2,6-dibromobiphenyl primes extensive dechlorination of Arochlor 1260 in contaminated sediment at 8-30°C by stimulating growth of PCB-dehalogenating microorganisms. 

Rhizobium have been reported, but to date there is little evidence that siderophores produced by pseudomonads are beneficial for promoting nodulation and nitrogen fixation. In experiments examining the role of siderophore production on nodulated clover plants, siderophore-defective mutants were shown to stimulate growth of nodulated clover plants similarly to the siderophore-producing parent strain (119). 

IL-6 T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, synovial fibroblasts Activates T lymphocytes, induces acute-phase response, stimulates growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells stimulates synovial fibroblasts... 

Isolates B9wh, CIO, 110, J20, Kll, and L16 strongly stimulated growth, germination, or both of one or more of the indicators when grown on solid medium. When grown in liquid culture, CIO, J7, and... 

Eeevers Bruce Edgar s experiments show that division only feeds back on growth when you have already stimulated growth. 

Besides an anticlastogenic activity, some HS appear to possess also an antitoxic activity, i.e., they were able not only to suppress plant growth depression caused by MH and ALA, but also stimulate growth. Peat, leonardite and alluvial soil HS yielded the best results also for the antitoxic activity. 

In addition to protein impurities emanating directly from the source material, other proteins may be introduced during upstream or downstream processing. For example, animal cell culture media are typically supplemented with bovine serum/foetal calf serum (2-25 per cent), or with a defined cocktail of various regulatory proteins required to maintain and stimulate growth of these cells. Downstream processing of intracellular microbial proteins often requires the addition of... 

Table 9.3 The range of cells expressing the IL-2 cell surface receptor. IL-2-stimulated growth and differentiation of these cells forms the molecular basis by which many aspects of the immune response are activated. It thus acts in an autocrine and paracrine manner to mobilize...

Some growth factors may be classified as cytokines (e.g. interleukins, TGF-P and CSFs). Others (e.g. IGFs) are not members of this family. Each growth factor has a mitogenic (promotes cell division) effect on a characteristic range of cells. Whereas some such factors affect only a few cell types, most stimulate growth of a wide range of cells. 

On a more cautionary note, the EPO receptor is expressed not only by specific erythrocyte precursor cells, but also by endothelial, neural, and myeloma cells. Concern has been expressed that EPO, therefore, might actually stimulate growth of some tumour types, particularly those derived from such cells. To date, no evidence (in vitro or in vivo) has been obtained to support this hypothesis. 

No evidence of copper deficiency exists in terrestrial species of invertebrates examined. However, relatively low concentrations of copper stimulated growth and reproduction. Reproduction in mites (Platynothrus peltifer) increases when fed diets containing 28 mg Cu/kg DW (vs. 13 mg/kg in controls) for 3 months (Denneman and van Straalen 1991). Also, juveniles of earthworms (Eisenia andrei) show increased growth at 18 mg Cu/kg DW soil after 12 weeks (van Gestel et al. 1991). 

When studied in a model of human endometrial carcinoma, such as EnCa 101 tumors in athymic mice, ICI 164384 not only showed no stimulatory activity on tumor progression but also blocked the tamoxifen-stimulated growth of the tumor (Gottardis et al. 1990). 

Li S, Levesque C, Geng CS, Yan X, Labrie F (1995) Inhibitory effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and the pure antiestrogen EM-219 on estrone (El)-stimulated growth of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma in the rat. Breast Cancer Res Treat 34 147-159... 

The evidence that tamoxifen was able to exert estrogenic effects on several tissues like the bone (Love et al. 1992) opened the door to the concept of SERMs, which is explained in detail in Chaps. 2 and 3 of this book. The mechanisms of action of these substances on ERs is explained in detail in Chap. 3. However, it is pertinent to comment on some special aspects of its action on mammary cancer cells. IGF-1 is a key element in growth control of malignant breast cells through endocrine and paracrine pathways. Tamoxifen and its active metabolite are able to inhibit IGF-l-stimulated growth (Jordan... 

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