Melanoma growth stimulating activity

Melanoma growth stimulating activator (MGSA) Alpha/Beta 1MGG NMR... 

Moser, B., Schumacher, C., von Tscharner, V., Clark-Lewis, I. and Baggiolini, M. (1991). Neutrophil-activating peptide 2 and gro/Melanoma growth-stimulating activity interact with neutrophil-activating peptide 1/interleukin 8 receptors on neutrophils. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 10666-10671. 

Horuk R, Yansura DG, Reilly D. Purification, receptor binding analysis, and biological characterization of human melanoma growth stimulating activity (MGS A). Evidence for a novel MGSA receptor. J Biol Chem 1993 268 541-546. 

Horuk, R., Reilly, D., Yansura, D. (1997). Expression, purification, and characterization of Escherichia co/i-derived recombinant human melanoma growth stimulating activity. Methods in Enzymology, 287, 3-12. 

Hesselgesser, J., Chitnis, C. E., Miller, L. H., Yansura, D. G., Simmons, L. C., Fairbrother, W. J., Kotts, C., Wirth, C., Gillece-Castro, B. L., and Homk, R. (1995) A mutant of melanoma growth stimulating activity does not activate neutrophils but blocks erythrocyte invasion by malaria. J. Biol. Chem. 270,11,472-11,476. 

Jaffe, G. J., Richmond, A., Van Le, L., Shattuck, R. L., Cheng, Q. C., Wong, F., and Roberts, W. (1993) Expression of three forms of melanoma growth stimulating activity (MGSA)/gro in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 34,2776-2785. 

Venner T. J., Sauder, D, N., Feliciani,C., Mckenzie,R. C. (1995) Interleukin-8 and melanoma growth-stimulating activity (GRO) are induced by ultraviolet B radiation in human keratinocyte cell lines. Exp. Dermatol. 4,138-145. 

Schroder, J. M., Persoon, N. L. M., and Christophers, E. (1990) Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes secrete, apart from neutrophil-activating peptide 1/interleukin 8, a second neutrophil-activating protein-NH2 terminal amino acid sequence identity with melanoma growth stimulatory activity. J. Exp. Med. 171,1091-1100. 

ET-1 also stimulates anti-apoptotic signal cascades in fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscles and endothelial cells (via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and Akt/pro-tein kinase B). In prostate and ovarian cancer, upregulation of endothelin synthesis and ETA receptors has been associated with a progression of the disease. The inhibiton of ETA receptors results in a reduced tumour growth. In malignant melanoma, ETB receptors are associated with tumour progression. Endothelins can also stimulate apoptosis in stretch-activated vessels via the ETB receptor, which contrasts the above-mentioned effects. The molecular basis for these differential anti- and pro-apoptotic reactions mediated by endothelins remains elusive. 

Several proteins that stimulate subsets of lymphocytes involved in various aspects of the immune response are now produced by recombinant DNA techniques. The pharmacology of these lymphokines as potential anticancer agents is being investigated. Interleukin (IL) 2, originally described as a T-cell growth factor, induces the production of cytotoxic lymphocytes (lymphokine-activated killer cells, or LAK cells). IL-2 produces remissions in 10 to 20% of patients with melanoma or renal cell carcinoma when infused at high doses either alone or with lymphocytes that were previously harvested from the patient and incubated with IL-2 in vitro. 

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