Status and Use

FIGURE 44.1 Ipecac plant— Cephaelis (Uragoga) ipecacuanha (a) flowering shoot, (b) flower in longitudinal section, (c) fruit, (d) fruit in transverse section, (e) seed, (f) annulate root. 

Note The most commonly used emetics are ipecac and apomorphine. Induced emesis is the preferred means of emptying the stomach in awake patients who have ingested a toxic substance or have recently taken a drug overdose. Emesis should not be induced if there is central nervous system depression or ingestion of certain volatile hydrocarbons and caustic substances. Ipecac syrup is prepared from the dried rhizome and roots of Cephaelis ipecacuanha or of C. accuminata, plants from Brazil and Central America, in which the alkaloid emetine is its active principal ingredient. 

There are a few important drugs that cause nausea and vomiting as undesirable side actions when used in therapeutic dosage, and perhaps a larger number that induce the state as part of a serious toxic reaction to them in overdosage, but the number that is used intentionally to cause the patient to vomit is relatively small. Here, the following four — ipecac, apomorphine, mustard, copper sulfate — are considered as a group. 

Ipecac, which is a mixture of the alcohol-soluble alkaloids from the underground parts of the South American plant, C. ipecacuanha, is used almost solely as the U.S.P. ipecac syrup. 

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Vitagliano G, Curtis JP, Concato J, Feinstein AR, Radford MJ, Krumholz HM. Association between functional status and use and effectiveness of beta-blocker... 

Other off-flavors (metabolism, buddy, chemical) are often too severe to allow the syrup to be used in this manner, and are thus relegated to commercial status and used for industrial flavoring, or to make sugar (during which the process reduces or eliminates most of the volatile off-flavor compounds). 

Papain has reached clinical trials for treating leg venous ulcers seen in severe diabetes. An experimental drug containing papain is being tested for safety in treating skin irritation, changes in wound debridement status, and use in possible skin grafts. 

C. Minimum Alveolar Anesthetic Concentration (MAC) The potency of inhaled anesthetics is best measured by the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC), defined as the alveolar concentration required to eliminate the response to a standardized painful stimulus in 50% of patients. Each anesthetic has a defined MAC (see Table 25-2), but tWs value may vary among different patients depending on age, cardiovascular status, and use of adjuvant drugs. Estimations of MAC value suggest a relatively steep dose-response relationship for inhaled anesthetics. MACS for infants and elderly patients are lower than those for adolescents and young adults. When several anesthetic agents are used simultaneously, their MAC values are additive. 

Give the structure, brand name, official status and uses of ... 

In addition to the reporting requirements under Artiele X, the Director-General shall, in ae-eordance with the procedures of the Organisation, report armuaUy on the administration, status and use of the Fund to the Conferenee of the States Parties through the Executive Couneil. 

On the whole, the VSEPR method predicts the geometries of main group compounds and complexes rather well. This is not the same thing as saying that it provides a correct explanation of molecular geometry. Indeed, in the opinion of some, its status and use is just that of prediction, that of an aid to getting the right answer. The VSEPR method only really works for main... 

Other information that can be obtained from such map is the location of faults, the status and location of wells and the location of the fluid contacts. Figure 5.45 shows some of the most frequently used map symbols. Structural maps are used in the planning of development activities such as well trajectories/targets and the estimation of reserves. 

Modern subsea trees, manifolds, (EH), etc., are commonly controlled via a complex Electro-Hydraulic System. Electricity is used to power the control system and to allow for communication or command signalling between surface and subsea. Signals sent back to surface will include, for example, subsea valve status and pressure/ temperature sensor outputs. Hydraulics are used to operate valves on the subsea facilities (e.g. subsea tree and manifold valves). The majority of the subsea valves are operated by hydraulically powered actuator units mounted on the valve bodies. 

Dove, M.J., Burns, R.S. and Evison, J.L. (1986) The use of Kalman Filters in Navigation Systems - Current Status and Future Possibilities. In Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Computer Aided Design, Manf. and Operation in the Marine and Offshore Industries, Keramidas, G.A. and Murthy, T.K.S. (eds.), Springer-Verlag, Washington, DC, pp. 361-374. 

The latest review of the status and prospects of polymer electronics (Samuel 2000), by a young physicist working in Durham University, England, goes at length into the possibilities on the horizon, including the use of copolymer chains with a series of blocks with distinct functions, and the possible use of dendrimer molecules... 

Pressure sensitive labels and tapes for the consumer markets form a very significant portion of the PSA industry. Whereas the original products were rather simple in construction and use, today s products often perform unique functions that result from more sophisticated assembly of a label or tape product. Examples of these unique functions include the monitoring of food or drug storage conditions, or the ability to monitor the charge status of a battery. 

Fire Protection FIVE and FRANC support quantitative and qualitative fire risk, assessmeiil. FRANC also supports the analysis of alternative safe shutdown paths during an Appendix R review. System train availability is exhibited on a system status panel, Using this a strategy can be defined to upgrade Thcrnm 1. if identify risk significant areas. 

CHIRBASE Database Current Status and Derived Research Applications using Molecular Similarity, Decision Tree and 3D Enantiophore Search... 

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