Hydrocarbons volatile

Removal of hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and odors using activated carbon. 

Chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons Volatile methyl-silicon compounds Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese (CO)3... 

From the above it can be concluded that the risk for lung cancer induction from chronic indoor exposure to Rn-d is unlikely to be higher than 1.10 4/mSv. in order to understand the magnitude of this risk it has to be emphasized that man can be exposed to a multitude of different hazardous materials in the indoor atmosphere besides Rn-d, such as formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrosamines, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, asbestos and pesticides (Gammage and Kaye, 1985). 

Volatile Aromatic Hydrocarbons Volatile Aromatic Hydrocarbons... 

Terpenes. Hydrocarbon volatile oils, often with a strong smell. 

Enviro-Klean Technologies Inc s (EKTI) KLEAN-MACHINE is a patented ex situ, low-temperature thermal desorption technology used to treat petroleum-contaminated soils. The KLEAN-MACHINE treats soil contaminated with hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and petroleum hydrocarbons (with a carbon chain length of 45 carbons or less). The technology also cleans baghouse fines. 

The low-temperature thermal aeration (ETTA) technology is a thermal desorption process that separates chlorinated hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semivolatile organic compounds (S VOCs), pesticides, and petroleum hydrocarbons from soils at temperatures of 300 to 800° F. This technology uses hot air to desorb contaminants from soil into a contained airstream and treats the airstream before discharging it to the atmosphere. The system is transportable and consists of six major components assembled on flat-bed trailers. The entire system and support areas require approximately 10,000 ft of operating space. 

Branched-chain alkanes do not exhibit the same smooth gradation of physical properties as do the continuous-chain alkanes. Usually there is too great a variation in molecular structure for regularities to be apparent. Nevertheless, in any one set of isomeric hydrocarbons, volatility increases with increased branching. This can be seen from the data in Table 4-2, which lists the physical properties of the five hexane isomers. The most striking feature of the data is the 19° difference between the boiling points of hexane and 2,2-dimethylbutane. 

Miellet [80] and Lopez-Avila et al. [81] have reviewed the applications of Soxhlet extraction to the determination of pesticides in soil. This technique has been applied extensively to the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, pesticides, herbicides and polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in soils. Details of the extraction procedures and the analytical finish employed are reviewed in Table 1.1. 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Volatile organic compounds Organic solvent, methanolic hydrolysis [86]... 

Because of high reactor temperatures, the hydrocarbon volatiles vaporize immediately, and are vented from the reactor to a quench tower (Item 3), where they are sprayed with cooled, recycled, heavy oil, and the larger molecules (molecules containing eight carbon atoms (C8) or more) are condensed. The condensate leaves from the bottom of the quench tower and is collected in the heavy oil receiver (Item 4). Compounds that are not condensed (i.e., light oil, C3-C7) in the quench tower enter a non-contact condenser that uses cold water The light oils, C3 to C7, are condensed and collected in the light oil receiver (Item 6). 

Total Recoverable Petroleum Hydrocarbons Volatile PAHs Less Volatile PAHs Organochlorine Pesticides PCBs... 

THchloroethane CHy-CCl., Halogenated hydrocarbon Volatile, polar, aggressive to PET... 

Coal is an abundant and practical source of energy, and it can be a source of raw materials used in chemical production. Coal occurs in various forms, and the form used in a particular application often depends on its availability in the region of the application. Coal is predominantly carbon. However, it also contains numerous other elements, including metals, nitrogen compounds, and sulfur, as well as hydrocarbon volatile matter that can be burned to produce heat, water, and carbon dioxide (CO2). 

As oxidation normally proceeds very slowly at the initial stage, the time to reach a sudden increase in oxidation rate is referred to as the induction period (6). Lipid hydroperoxides have been identified as primary products of autoxidation decomposition of hydroperoxides yields aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, hydrocarbons, volatile organic acids, and epoxy compounds, known as secondary oxidation products. These compounds, together with free radicals, constitute the bases for measurement of oxidative deterioration of food lipids. This chapter aims to explore current methods for measuring lipid oxidation in food lipids. 

The primary oxidation products (hydroperoxides) are unstable and susceptible to decomposistion. A complex mixture of volatile, nonvolatile, and polymeric secondary oxidation products is formed through decomposition reactions, providing various indices of lipid oxidation (5). Secondary oxidation products include aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, hydrocarbons, volatile organic acids, and epoxy compounds, among others. Methods for assessing lipid oxidation based on their formation are discussed in this section. 

Specific poisonings cyanide, methanol, ethylene glycol, hydrocarbons, volatile solvents, heavy metals, herbicides and pesticides, biological substances (overdose of medicinal drugs is dealt with under individual agents)... 

Gasoline hydrocarbons volatilized to the atmosphere quickly undergo photochemical oxidation. The hydrocarbons are oxidized by reaction with molecular oxygen (which attacks the ring structure of aromatics), ozone (which reacts rapidly with alkenes but slowly with aromatics), and hydroxyl and nitrate radicals (which initiate side-chain oxidation reactions) (Stephens 1973). Alkanes, isoalkanes, and cycloalkanes have half-lives on the order of 1-10 days, whereas alkenes, cycloalkenes, and substituted benzenes have half- lives of less than 1 day (EPA 1979a). Photochemical oxidation products include aldehydes, hydroxy compounds, nitro compounds, and peroxyacyl nitrates (Cupitt 1980 EPA 1979a Stephens 1973). 

Pure oleic acid is a white, pearly, crystalline solid, which fuses to a colorless liquid at 14° (57°.2 F.) it is odorless and tasteless soluble in alcohol, ether, and cold HsSO, insoluble in HiO i sp. gr. 0.808 at 19° (68°.2 F.). Neutral in reaction. It can be distilled in vacuo without decomposition, but when heated in contact with air, it is decomposed with formation of hydrocarbons, volatile fatty acids, and sebacic acid. It dissolves the fatty acids readily, forming mixtures whose consistency varies witli tlie proportions of liquid and solid acid which they contain. The solid acid is but little altered by exposure to air, but when liquid it absorbs O rapidly, becomes yellow, rancid, acid in reaction, and incapable of solidifying when cooled these changes take place the more rapidly the higher the temperature. 

Air Organic gases Solvents, hydrocarbons, volatile pesticides, volatile industrial chemicals Paintshops etc., refineries, tank farms, agriculture, industry... 

VOCs (VHCXZs, chlorobenzenes, chlorotoluene, volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile ethers, etc.)... 

The Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrocarbon Volatile Organic Compounds... 

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