Research applications

Applications Research. Specialty chemical producers devote a larger share of their time and costs to appHcations research than do producers of most commodity chemicals. As noted earHer, the most successful specialty chemical producers have been those companies that ate able to respond quickly to customer needs and problems under the conditions found in the customer s plant. This entails having, at the specialty chemical plant, equipment and procedural knowledge which closely approximate those found among customers. Tests can then be mn and a solution to the problem or need may result. If successful, even in part, it can be brought to the customers and tried there. In practice, of course, each customer s plant has some variables which make a single answer or product quite unlikely. Fortunately, slight modifications by the suppHer will often solve the next customer s problem. 

J. L. White, in K. Walters, ed., RJ)eometry Industrial Applications, Research Studies Press, a division of John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1980, pp. 209-280. 

Interest in the chemistry of water-soluble polymers (polyelectrolytes) has been continually increasing during the past 45 years. The tremendous scope of utility for water-soluble polymers has led to a vigorous search for new materials and the rapid development of polyelectrolytes into a dynamic field of industrial research. Growth in this field has been especially rapid since 1960 and today, many companies are engaged in synthesis and applications research on polyelectrolytes that are primarily used in four main marketing areas water treatment, paper, textiles, and oil recovery [1]. Polyacrylamide gel was also used as soil conditioner [2-4]. 

New family of TPV having heat and oil resistance based on ACM and polyamide Development of crystalline-amorphous block copolymers (Engage), mettalocene catalyzed TPEs, Polyolefin elastomer (POEs), application research on TPEs Protein-based block-copolymer... 

Since the first AFM applications, researchers have examined so-called force curves. In the contact mode, these are deflection-versus-distance (DvZ) curves, as seen in Figure 20.2a. Initially, DvZ curves were employed to check whether a particular deflection set point used for imaging corresponds to a net repulsive or net attractive force [25]. This curve can also be obtained in tapping mode... 

Reindl, D.T., 1994. Characterizing the Marginal Basis Source Energy Emissions Associated with Comfort Cooling Systems, Thermal Storage Applications Research Center, Report No. TSARC 94-1, USA. 

Burke, A.F. and Gardiner, M. Hydrogen Storage Options Technologies and Comparisons for Light-duty Vehicle Applications, Research Report UCD-ITS-RR-05-01, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, 2005. 

In addition to display applications, researchers are also exploring the use of vapor-deposited organic materials in devices such as photovoltaics [11], organic lasers [12], and organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) [13]. 

New developments in electronic counting in intermetallic compounds It has been recently underlined (Grin 2006) that the understanding the nature of intermetallic compounds is still not complete, mainly due to the strong bias imposed by applications research and to insufficient comprehension about their chemical bonding. 

Fuel Cells, Systems and Applications - Research Projects... 

Ilona Kariv Applications Research and Development, Genoptix Inc., San Diego, California, U.S. 

Morita, T., Suematsu, T. and Takahashi, Y., Application Research Center, JOEL Ltd., 2HAll, 2002. 

Future trends in research into the science and technology o-f surfactant mixtures is discussed. This is a -field rich in opportunities -for innovative scienti-fic research and also practical applications. Research in this area will dramatically increase in quantity in the next several decades and great progress in the understanding and utilisation o-f sur-factant mixtures is expected. 

Ways will indeed be found to use newer technologies to lower the cost of producing R D results, including the use of highly sophisticated modeling and simulation to avoid some laboratory, pilot-plant, and applications research altogether. 

Beyond this initial theoretical drawing-board-and-slide-rule approach, of course, lies the critical need for experimental proof in actual process machinery and prototype field trials, which should be included as a 4th dimension in such a schematic diagram, and is the final pragmatic judgment to determine technical success of any plastic product. This is the direction in which applications research and product design must grow in the future, in order to convert plastics art into plastic science. 

Applications research is directed toward finding uses for new polymers and plastics materials. One may well have reservations about embarking on this subject when the development of new polymers is reaching a state of diminishing returns both because they emerge less frequently and because they are progressively more expensive and chemically complex. 

By this time, a substantial body of information will be available to the applications researcher, and the influence of the polymer chemists and physicists begins to diminish. As he approaches potential users, the applications man should be well-armed with a... 

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