Spermicidal surfactant

Uses Crude oil demulsifier ingred. defoamer emulsifier for oils, solvents, waxes, pesticides emulsifier, protective colloid in emulsion polymerization spermicides surfactant for dishwashing detergents, cosmetics surfactant, wetting agent, dispersant for household/industrial cleaners textile scouring agent solubilizer emulsifier in mfg. of food-con-tact articles... 

In the 1940s, at the Ortho research laboratories, the first spermicidal surfactants (octoxynol (Triton X-10(P) and nonoxynol-9 (Triton W )) were discovered and developed. Both of these substances became very quickly the leading spermicidal agents worldwide. Another product, a foaming tablet containing men-fegol from the Eisai company, followed in the late 1960s, but was introduced only in Europe. 

Uses Surfactant emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent, dispersant, solubilizer, coupling agent for cosmetics, textiles, metalworking, household, industrial and other applies. spermicide surfactant, adjuvant for pesticide use dilutions on growing crops defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard emulsifier in mfg. of food-contact articles food-pkg. adhesives in paper/paperboard in contact with dry foods... 

Spermicides, most of which contain nonoxynol-9, are surfactants that destroy sperm cell walls. They offer no protection against STDs, and when... 

It is obvious that these commonalties can be tailored to achieve successful contraceptive formulations with varying degrees of efficacy, user friendliness, and aesthetics. U.S. marketed contraceptive products all contain N9 as the spermicide at various concentrations. These products rely only on the mechanism of sperm destruction by the nondiscriminating surfactant effects of the spermicide, as effects of the carrier system on sperm motility are generally minimal. No claim of activity against STDs and HIV are made by current contraceptive products, with the exception of full barrier methods such as condoms. 

A correlation exists for a surfactant s spermicidal activity and partition coefficient, such that the MEC is in the order of nonionic > cationic > anionic for given stmctural variables [47]. Such design parameters need to be factored when designing polymer vehicles and formulations with ionic and hydrophobic features. 

Furuse, K., Ishizeki, C., and Iwahara, S. Studies on spermicidal activity of surfactants. I. Correlation between spermicidal effect and physicochemical properties of p-menthanylphenyl polyoxyethylene (8.8) ether and related surfactants. J. Pharm. Dyn. 1983, 6, 359-372. 

Other companies have also produced condoms made from the polymer styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene which has the advantage of being even stretchier than polyurethane, thereby reducing the risk of tearing during use. There are also condoms lubricated with a combination of silicone oil and nonoxynol-9 which acts as a spermicide. Nonoxynol-9 is also used as a surfactant in cosmetic products, but it has the ability to interfere with the acrosomal membrane which covers the head of a sperm, causing it to become paralysed, which is why nonoxynol-9 has been widely used in lubricants for condoms and es-... 

Spermicide-antiviral the polymer appears to be an effective delivery system for the spermicidal/antiviral agent nonoxynol-9. By its ability to adhere to vaginal tissue while retaining nonoxynol-9 in its gel structure, it is an excellent extended effect spermicide. As an antiviral, nonoxynol-9 can only kill free HIV and is not noticeably active when the virus is within a lymphocyte. In contrast, the bioadhesive gel containing nonoxynol-9 attaches to lymphocytes and maintains sufficient contact time to allow the nonoxynol-9 surfactant to disrupt the cell wall, thus eliminating the lymphocyte and killing the vims within. This suggests that the polymer may be useful in the prophylaxis of AIDS and the treatment of other sexually transmitted diseases. 

Many other polyoxyethylene ethers are commercially available and are also used as surfactants. In addition to their surfactant properties, the series of polyoxyethylene ethers with lauryl side chains, e.g. nonoxynol 10, are also widely used as spermicides. 

Alkylphenols (APs), particularly nonylphenols (NPs) and to a lesser extent octylphenols (OPs), are extensively used for the production of alkylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs), a class of non-ionic surfactants that has been largely employed for more than 40 years in textile and paper processing and in the manufacture of paints, coatings, pesticides, industrial detergents, cosmetics and spermicidal preparations, as well as various cleaning products. NPs are also used in the manufacturing processes of many plastics and as monomers in the production of phenol/formaldehyde resins. Smaller quantities of NPs are employed in the production of tri(4-nonylphenyl) phosphite as an anti-oxidant for rubber and in the manufacture of lubricating oil additives. 

Spermicides, most of which contain nonoxynol-9, are chemical surfactants that destroy sperm cell walls and offer some protection against STDs and cervical cancer. They are available as foams, creams, suppositories, jellies, and flhn. Spermicidal tablets or suppositories require 10 to 30 minutes to dissolve. Spermicides can cause local irritation in both men and women. Additional spermicide must be used each time intercourse is repeated. 

The physical barriers include diaphragms and cervical caps made of rubber that fit in the vagina over the cervix. They are mechanical barriers to block the passage of sperm and are often used with spermicidal agents, such as nonoxynol (a surfactant 16.10). 

Uses Surfactant, detergent, emuisifier, wetting agent, dispersant, stabiiizer, defoamer, soiubiiizer in cosmetics, emuision and suspension poiymerization, paints, textiies, pesticides, pharmaceuticals intermediate in synthesis of anionic surfactants spermicide plastics antistat adjuvant in siimicides in food-contact paper/paperboard Regulatory FDA21CFR 175.105,176.180,176.210,176.300,178.3400 USP/NF compliance... 

Uses Surfactant, detergent, emulsifier, dispersant spermicide for agric., leather and metal processing, paint, dry-cleaning detergents, degreasing applies. 

Uses Surfactant detergent, dispersant, wetting agent, emulsifier for detergents, textile and leather processing, agric. formulations, paints, asphalt emulsions spermicide emulsifier, solubilizer for pharmaceuticals food-pkg. adhesives emulsifier in mfg. of food-contact articles Trade Names Canasol OF 600... 

Uses Surfactant detergent, dispersant, emulsifier, wetting agent for in-dustrial/household cleaners, emulsion polymerization, paints/coatings, paper and textile processing, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals costabilizer spermicide latex stabilizer in food-pkg. adhesives in food-contact paper/paperboard... 

Properties M.w. 600 sol. in water, ethanol, toluene misc. with fats, fatty alcohols, and hot min., nat. and syn. oils nonionic Toxicology LD50 (oral, mouse) 1170 mg/kg, (IV, mouse) 125 mg/kg TSCA listed Uses Emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent, dispersant for maintenance and institutional cleaners, textiles, paper, paints, emulsion polymerization solvent pharmaceutic aid (surfactant) spermicide penetrant coupling agent in food-contact textiles antistat in food-pkg. materials... 

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