Southern armyworm activity

Mayer and coworkers128 discovered that kojic acid is a moderately effective activator for nicotine insecticides. When tested against the melon worm (Diaphania hyalinata L.) and the southern armyworm (Prodenia eridania Cram.), kojic acid (alone) was not toxic but the toxicity of a 5% nicotine sulfate-pyrophyllite dust was increased 35 %, and that of a 5 % nicotine bentonite-bentonite spray by some 50%, by the addition of 5% of kojic... 

It was clear, from even a qualitative inspection of the data, that the presence of a methyl or fluoro group in the meta position had the effect of not only increasing activity versus the design insect, the southern armyworm, but also lead to dramatic increases in level of topical activity against other species. 

Sulfate conjugates have been detected in vivo in numerous insect species following exposure to phenolic compounds. A sulfotransferase prepared from gut tissues of southern armyworm larvae has been shown to be active toward p-nitrophenol and steroids, including cholesterol, eedysone, and p-sitosterol (Yang and Wilkinson, 1972). 

Dietary a-pinene causes southern armyworm larvae to become more tolerant to the botanical insecticide, nicotine. Enhanced tolerance to synthetic insecticides also has been demonstrated in phytophagous insects fed plants capable of inducing microsomal monooxygenase activity. Variegated cutworm larvae fed peppermint leaves are more tolerant of the insecticides carbaryl, acephate, methomyl, and malathion than larvae fed snap bean leaves. Increased tolerance for carbaryl and methomyl also has been observed in larvae of the cabbage looper and alfalfa looper (Autographa califomica) fed peppermint plants instead of their favored host plants, broccoli and alfalfa. 

The compounds were evaluated for insecticidal and acaricidal activity against the following species cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni [Hubner]), Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis Muls), southern armyworm (Spodootera eridania [Cram]), pea aphid (Acvrthosiphon pisum [Harris]), twospotted spider mite (Tetranvchus urticae [Koch]) and southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata Howardi). 

The activity against Mexican bean beetle (MBB), southern armyworm (SAW) and cabbage looper (CL) was determined by spraying the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves of pinto bean plants with test solution until run-off and infesting with third instar larvae (ten larvae for each of two replicates for each compound) after the foliage had dried. 

Figure 4. Arylsulfatase activity ( - ) and sulfotransferase activity (a-a) in developing larvae of the southern armyworm (. eridania).

A Merck group was interested in the introduction of a basic amino group into the avermectin molecule [228]. This should change its physical properties, make it more polar, and result in a different tissue distribution. In addition, most of the anti-bacterially active macrolide antibiotics contain an aminosugar. After suitable protection and deprotection, reductive amination of a 4"-oxo intermediate gave the 4"-amino-4"-deoxy analogue as the major reaction product (Scheme 19). Since they also had observed better activity in the southern armyworm assay for certain monosaccharides, they prepared their 4 -amino derivatives as well as the... 

Ahmad, S., Pritsos, C.A., Bowen, S.M., Heisler, C.R., Blomquist, G.J., Pardini, R.S., 1988. Suhcellular distribution and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridaria. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 7, 173-186. 

Figure 25.1.2 is a summary of the SAR of BAH proposed by Rohm and Haas Company investigators based on the activity of these compounds in southern armyworm larvae. 

The fluoro analogs, however, had somewhat reduced biological activities. On the other hand, 4"-epi-hydroxy, oxo, cyano, even deoxy, and particularly methyl analogs have good activities in die twospotted spider mite and southern armyworm assays. One also often observes with a minor modification a shift in spectrum, as seen with the southern army worm activities of the two epimeric 4"-methyl derivatives (EC q = 0.5 and 8.0 ppm, respectively). 

The insecticidal activity and structure-activity relationships of novel pyrethroids prepared by reacting methyl phenyl substituted pyrazole methanols with dichloro chrysanthemic acid chloride are reported. These pyrethroids are active on tobacco budworm, fall armyworm, southern corn rootworm, and aster leafhopper, generally in the concentration range of 1000-250 ppm. Although less active than the pyrethroid standard bifenthrin, the overall structure-activity of these pyrazole pyrethroids with regard to substitution patterns is similar to that previously observed with bifenthrin analogs. 

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