Peppermint plant

The principles underlying this question are, mutatis mutandis, identical for all cases, so that as a typical illustration the case of the peppermint plant may be selected, as this has b en worked on by several independent investigators very exhaustively. 

Charahot and Hubert carried out an elaborate series of experiments on a field containing 29 rows of peppermint plants, each about 5 yaids in length. The normal soil of-the field had the following composition —... 

The quantity and quality of food in the diet on which insects are reared may affect their size and survival capacity. Variegated cutworm larvae fed peppermint leaves were more tolerant of the insecticides carbaryl, acephate, methomyl, and malathion than larvae fed snap bean leaves. Increased tolerance for carbaryl and methomyl was also observed in larvae of the alfalfa looper and cabbage looper when they were fed peppermint plants instead of their favored host plants alfalfa and broccoli. Furthermore, fall armyworm larvae fed corn leaves became less susceptible to the insecticides methomyl, acephate, methamido-phos, diazinon, trichlorfon, monocrotophos, permethrin, and cypermethrin than those fed soybean leaves. Although nutrition may play some role in these cases, it was found that enhanced insecticide tolerance caused by these host plants was mainly due to plant allelochemicals, which induced detoxification enzymes in the insects (Yu, 1986). 

Ifeutralizixig Mixture. Powdered rhubarb, 3 scruples saleratus, or crude bicarbonate of potash, 3 scruples powdered peppermint plant, 3 scruples boiling water, I pint decoction of aniseed, i pint. Kix. Strain, Bwoetcu with sugar, and add 3 table-spoonfuis of brandy. Take 1 or 2 table-spoonfuls os often as tlie symptoms require For children, a leas dose. valuable in cholera, bowel complaints of children, laxity of the bowels, dux, Ac. 

Peppermint oil is extracted from the leaves of the peppermint plant, Mentha piperita, by steam distillation, by which various oils in the plant are separated from each other. 

Production By steam distillation of the flowering peppermint plant, Mentha xpiperita, mainly of the variety... 

Moreover, peppermint plants were produced, exhibiting resistance to broad-spectrum herbicides like glyphosate and glufosinate this greatly simplified mint cultivation (cf. section 8.1 Amino acid herbicides). 

Another favorite substance for medicine and cosmetics is menthol. It is obtained from a number of heibs, peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) being the most common source (Fig. 2.13). The peppermint plant contains about 1-3 % essential oil, which can be obtained by a chemical separation method called steam distilla-tiom About half of the oil is menthol and its derivatives, terpenes, and flavonoids. Menthol has a pleasant odor and eooling effect, and these two properties are why... 

PHOTO CREDITS (peppermint plant) Alexey Uyashenko/iStockphoto (licorice roots) Fabrizio Troiani/Age Fotostock America, Inc. (vanilla pods and seeds) STOCKFOOD LBRF/Age Fotostock America, Inc. 

Peppermint plant (Mentha piperita), a source of menthol, is a perennial herb with aromatic qualities used in candies, gums, hot and cold beverages, and garnish for punch and fruit. 

Fig. 97. Use of TLC in following the biosynthesis of terpenes in Mentha piperita [43]. Peppermint plants were grown in an atmosphere of COg and radioactive pulegone isolated from the essential oil of these plants, using preparative TLC. This compound was incubated with sections of young leaves from peppermint plant shoots. The autoradiograph of a chromatogram demonstrates formation of menthone (b) and menthofuran (a) from pulegone (c) in this leaf tiussue...

Niu, X., X. Li, P. Veronese, R. A. Bressan, S.C. Weller, andP.M. Hasegawa, 2000. Factors tdieciingAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of peppermint. Plant Cell Rep., 19 304-310. 

Gershenzon J, McConkey ME, Croteau RB (2000) Regulation of monoterpene accumulation in leaves of peppermint. Plant Physiol 122 205-213... 

Conditions of soil and climate are influential factors in the formation of oil and its constituents in the peppermint plant. Light sandy or loamy soils appear to be most favourable for the production of an oil of l h quality. 

The effect of shade upon the peppermint plant is to decrease esterification and the formation of menthol, and is due possibly to the lessened activity of the elimination of water by the plant. 

French peppermint plants cultivated at Trieste yield an oil of good aroma, which 1ms been examined by Schimmel Co. The crude and rectified oils had the following characters —... 

An interesting series of experiments on the value of manuring has been carried out on Hungarian peppermint plants. These experiments are summarised in the following table —... 

P. is steam-distilled from the partially dried leaves and stems of the - peppermint plant and then further fractionated by steam or vacuum distillation to yield a rectified oil that is free from bitter (menthone) or grassy smells and tastes as well as from residues and traces of water. 

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