Solubility product from

To calculate the solubility product of silver chloride from measurements of e.m.i 

In figure 1 we have plotted x) against x. In all four cases a satisfactory linear extrapolation to give (0) can be made, the individual deviations from the straight lines not exceeding 0.1 mV. The values thus obtained are given in table 4. 

Inspection shoe s that the variation of (0 vith ni is within the experimental uncertainty. We accordmgly take 

The activity coefficients (on the volume concentration scale) of KCl and of AgNOg in water at 25 C may be represented by the formulae (see problem 87) 

Hence according to the principle of specific interaction the activity coefficient of AgCl present as a trace in excess of KNOj will be given by 

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Table 7. Elemental composition of soluble products from WVGS 13407 (daf)...

The following examples illustrate the method of calculating solubility products from solubility data and also the reverse procedure. 

LI 9 Estimate a solubility product from molar solubility and vice versa (Examples 11.7 and 11.8). 

According to simple solubility considerations, a precipitate will be formed when the product of the concentrations of anions and cations exceeds the solubility product. From another viewpoint, phase transformation occurs when the free energy of the new phase is lower than that of the initial (metastable) phase. However, there are many examples where the ion product exceeds K p, yet no precipitation occurs—the phenomenon of supersaturation. The solubility product also does not provide information on how the particles of the precipitate form—nucleation. Nucleation involves various physical processes, and both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects must be considered. 

The CBH I (D) is identical in composition and activity to the CBH I (D) previously described (2) from T. reesei QM 9123. The close correspondence of their amino acid contents (Table VI), the nearly identical content of neutral carbohydrate 6.8% by weight for the CBH I (D) produced in the presence of sophorose and 6.7% for T. reesei QM 9123 CBH I (D) grown on cellulose (2), and identical electrophoretic properties clearly argue for a common molecular structure for these CBH s I (D). The CBH II is clearly different from all other CBH s in electrophoretic mobility (Figure 12) and amino acid composition (41), but is devoid of endoglucanase activity and produces predominantly cellobiose (>90% by weight of soluble products) from cellulose. It has a sedimentation coefficient of 3.71 in comparison to CBH I (D), for which a value of 3.66 was obtained. 

Ghioureliotis M, Nicell JA. Toxicity of soluble products from the peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of substituted phenolic compounds. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 2000 75 98-106. 

Alkylation with Friedel-Crafts catalysts can promote production of soluble products from coal. This method Is currently not economical but the Information obtained has clarified several points. The extracts obtained from the alkylation of coal as described above, are black, shiny, solid substances which are not distillable and apparently still have very high molecular weights. They are very similar In their properties to the extracts which we have obtained previously by acylation of the same coals with carboxylic acid chlorides and aluminum chloride. 

Anastassiades, T.P. and Wood, A. (1981). Efiect of soluble products from lectin-stimulated lymphocytes on the growth, adhesiveness and glycosaminoglycan synthesis of cultured synovial fibroblast cells. J. Clin. Invest. 68, 792-802. 

The toluene-soluble products from each reacted kerogen were subjected to SARA analysis (saturates, aromatics, resins, asphaltenes) (22). The B toluene solubles gave almost 91% asphaltenes. The C kerogen toluene solubles were almost 81% asphaltenes. The C toluene solubles were more difficult to handle 14.5% of the material was unrecovered from the chromatographic column. 

Eq. 10.34) is more rapid with hydrochloric acid than with sulfuric acid, and yields soluble products from both the calcium and phosphate. Thus, there is neither a need to heat the mixture to speed up the reaction, nor are there any crystal form problems requiring temperature stabilization. 

K from solubilities interpolated in an unknown way from data in the literature, see Appendix A. No experimental value of the solubility at 298.15 K was available then. As the solubility data surrounding the standard temperature were obtained at 293 and 353 K, her results were checked by calculating the solubility product from data available at 282.5, 285.2, and 293.2 K. Activity coefficients were estimated by SIT with s(Tr, Se04 ) = e(K, SeO ) = -0.06 kg-mol . The linear log, f(l/7 ) plot was extrapolated to 298.15 K and the solubility product of the reaction... 

Slavtscheva, Popova, and Gospodinov [93SLA/POP] determined the solubility of copper selenite in dilute nitric acid and calculated its solubility product from measurements of pH and total Cu(ll) concentration in the equilibrium solution. No primary... 

The estimate of the solubility product from the Gibbs energy of formation of a-Ag2Se is log K° (57.76 0.57) which overlaps the values from the experimental measurements. 

This phase was first described by Birkenbach and Huttner [30BIR/HUT], who also estimated its aqueous solubility product from a one-point determination of [Ag ] in a saturated AgSeCN suspension to be log (AgSeCN, cr, 291 K) = — 15.4. 

Side reactions of the metal ions were not considered in the paper. In the case of In(lll) a major part of the dissolved In(III) would be expected to be present as complexes with the ions of the medium, while Tl(III) would be present mainly as hydroxo complexes. The review has not found it possible to derive solubility products from the limited data at hand due to uncertainties about the extent of the side reactions and the large corrections from the activity coefficients involved. 

The review finds that it is not possible to derive a reliable value of the solubility product from the data. The value log ((A.14), 298.15 K)= -31.7 is numerically too negative and the other value, which is closer to literature values, shows an unacceptable trend. Apparently Masson et al. [86MAS/LUT] experienced the same problems as they write attempted recalculations gave nonsensical figures, so the work is rejected . 

Green acids water-soluble products from the refining of mineral (white) oil... 

Fermentation broths tend to be very dilute and contain complex mixtures of inorganic or organic substances. The recovery of a soluble product (MW range 500-2500 dalton) such as an antibiotic, organic acid or animal vaccine from fermentation broth takes several processing steps. The first step is the clarification of broth to separate the low molecular weight soluble product from microorganisms and other particulate matter such as cells, cell debris, husks, colloids and macromolecules from the broth me-dium.l l In this step, microporous membrane filters (MWCO 10,000 to... 

After 4 weeks. "Total organic carbon of water soluble products from the degradation processes with lipases secreted by two different fungi A - R. delemar and B R. arrbizus [26]. 

Tuberculin purified protein derivative Aplisol injection 5 TU/0.1 mL, Tubersol injection 1 TU/0.1 mL, injection 5 TU/0.1 mL, injection 250 TU/0.1 mL, Tuberculin PPD multiple puncture device Apfitest injection 5 TU activity/test. Tine test PPD injection 5 TU activity/test) Tuberculin, a purified protein derivative, is an in vivo diagnostic biological agent that contains soluble products from Mycobacterium, which react with lyphocytes to release... 

Calculation of the Solubility Product from Solubility Data... 

Devise a cell for evaluating the solubility product of PbS04. Calculate the solubility product from the appropriate values (T = 298 K). 

The experimental data of [1989MOO] are comparable with the results of similar studies [1964NAB/KUD], [1991FEL/RAI], [2000RAI/MOO] however, the data evaluation shows many shortcomings. To begin with, in the solubility study with Th(OH)4(am) there is no significant concentration of Th" in the test solutions with the lowest valne of pH. Hence it is not possible to determine the solubility product from... 

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