Toluene solubles

When Illb is heated with p-phenylenediamine at 200-300°C under conditions similar to the other phenylenediamines, mainly insoluble, probably crosslinked, oligomers (rubber-like solid) are formed. On the other hand, p-phenylenediamine with bis(diethylamino)dimethylsilane at 180°C yielded a toluene-soluble solid whose molecular weight and elemental analysis agree well with the probable cyclophane structure IX for C32H48NsSi4 Mcaic. 657.16, found Mcryoscopic 648, m/e 657.16 calc. % C, 58.49 H, 7.36 N, 17.05 Si, 17.10 found % C, 58.40 H, 7.42 N, 17.10 Si, 17.16. The structure of this compound is being further investigated. 

Figure 7. Percentage toluene solubles against H/C atomic ratio (X) and volatile matter yield (+)...

Figure 12 clearly shows the effect of iron sulfide content of the coal on total conversion and liquid product yield during hydrogenation. The conversion increased from about 52 per cent to 70 per cent using the hot-rod reactor with no added catalyst. The yield of toluene soluble product (oil plus asphaltene) increased from about 30 to 44 per cent with total sulfur increase from 1 to 6.5 per cent. Thus it would appear that iron sulfide can act catalytically in the dry hydrogenation reaction as well as in slurried reactions (15). 

Anon., Univ. Safety Assoc., Safety Newsletter, 1982-1984 A solution of the chloride (120 ml) in toluene (750 ml) was treated (apparently without effective stirring) with excess sodium bicarbonate solution to destroy it. When reaction had ceased, the organic layer was poured into a waste solvent drum. Vigorous evolution of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride then ensued from reaction with ethanol (toluene-soluble) in the waste drum. For destruction of solutions of sulfinyl chloride in water-insoluble solvents, extremely good agitation is necessary to ensure proper contact with a basic reagent. Ammonia is more soluble in toluene than is water, so ammonia solution should be used after bicarbonate treatment to ensure complete destruction. 

Figure 2 Activation energy for conversion to toluene solubles vs. total oxygen content of Argonne Premium Coal sample bank bituminous coals.

HIRSCHON WILSON Dispersed Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction Table IV. Conversion to Toluene Soluble Products ... 

Toluene-soluble initiator, XTHF 0.003 ( ) toluene-THF solutions with percent THF (IOOXthf) indicated for each point (O). The apex i corresponds to i = 1.00, the base opposite i to i - 0. The i content of any sample is given by the perpendicular distance from the base opposite i. The curves indicate the permitted values of the Bemoullian... 

Figure 2. Spheres in toluene-soluble fraction of coke-oven pitch. An intermediate stage of solidification. X 216...

Figure 12. Infrared spectra of fractions of partly carbonized toluene-soluble coke-oven pitch (a) toluene soluble (b) toluene insoluble (largely spheres)...

When coke-oven or petroleum-tar pitches were heated to an appropriate temperature (about 420°C.) and quenched, the product contained spheres of various sizes mostly in the range 0-10 microns. The spheres were normally, fairly regularly distributed through the pitch matrix, with small and larger spheres intermixed. When the toluene-soluble extract of the pitch was carbonized to the same temperature, fewer spheres were present in the product, but their diameters were considerably greater. Under these conditions many spheres were more than 10 microns across, and some exceeded 50 microns. This result suggested that nucleation occurred less commonly or less easily in the toluene-soluble pitch fraction and was associated with the presence of C1 -insoluble material. 

The influence of S-oxidizing bacteria on speciation of S in sediments has not yet been proven. Losher (56) postulated that layers of S-oxidizing bacteria in lakes Cadagno, Zurich, and Geneva caused a layer rich in toluene-soluble... 

At set of toluene soluble oligomers of the type shown in equation 70 were made with various metal to silane diol ratios in order to achieve the appropriate Zn2Si04 stoichiometry. The oligomer molecular weights varied from Mn = ca 1.8 kDa to 11 kDa, as determined by NMR end group analysis. 

Electron microscopy of the final latex of the experiments given in Table I showed almost no new nucleation. The particle size distributions were narrow and indicated no noticeable coagulation as well. New nucleation would lead to increased rates whereas coagulation would have the opposite effect. Any decrease in the rate therefore must be due to a decrease in [m], if we assume n to be constant. We therefore determined the tofuene/polymer ratio in the seed latex in the absence and presence of the various additives. Toluene was chosen as the solvent, because it is similar to styrene and allows the measurement of equilibrium solubilities without the risk of polymerization. Table II gives the experimental values of the toluene solubility in the seed as a function of time. The results indicate that the swelling is nearly complete within 5 to 10 min. 

Inorganic hydrides are usually soluble in polar solvent such as THF, but sparingly soluble in nonpolar solvents. Red-Al (or Vitride sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride) is a toluene-soluble inorganic hydride and efficiently promotes the polymerization... 

In supercritical HjO it was found that the toluene-soluble products (TS) profile leveled off at about 50%. However in supercritical D2O, liquefaction was consistently superior to that in the protio medium, and the ultimate convertibility was about 60%. This inverse isotope effect can be explained by a model in which the limits to conversion are solely based on the competition between the kinetics of the parallel routes to TS and char, respectively. Conversion is thus limited by the kinetics of the conversion system, this limitation being even more severe in conventional donor systems which are inherently less effective for liquefaction than is water/CO. In principle the conversion of coal virtually completely to TS in a single step is feasible in a system with sufficient reducing potential. 

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