Lipases secretion

Deficiencies characterized by excessive bleeding may occur in infants due to their lack of intestinal bacteria or In adults having fat malabsorption disorders, such as cystic fibrosis, which result in insufficiency of pancreatic lipase secretion. 

Rhizomucor miehei secretes a lipase that is reported to give satisfactory results in Italian cheese manufacture. This enzyme has been characterized and is commercially available as Piccantase . Lipases secreted by selected strains of Penicillium roqueforti and P. candidum are considered to be potentially useful for the manufacture of Italian and other cheese varieties. 

Pancreatic carboxytester lipase, secreted by the pancreas as an active enzyme without proteolytic activation, displays broad substrate specificity and has therefore received many names in the literature carboxylesteraae, bile salt-stimulated (or activated or dependent) lipaae (due to its absolute requirement for bile salts to hydrolyze insoluble substrates), carbaxylester lipase or hydrolase, cholesterol... 

Maingrette, F., and Renier, G. 2003. Leptin increases lipoprotein lipase secretion by macrophages involvement of oxidative stress and protein kinase C. Diabetes 52 2121-2128. 

C6. Chait, A., Iverius, P.-H., and Brunzell, J. D., Lipoprotein lipase secretion by human monocyte-derived macrophages. J. Clin. Invest. 69, 490—493 (1982). 

M7. Mahoney, E. M., Khoo, J. C., and Steinberg, D., Lipoprotein lipase secretion by human monocytes and rabbit alveolar macrophages in culture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 1639-1642 (1982). 

Fukumoto, J., Iwai, M., Tsujisaka, Y. 1963. Studies on lipase. I. Purification and crystallisation of a lipase secreted by Aspergillus niger. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 9, 353-361. 

Figure 22.4. Action of Pancreatic Lipases. Lipases secreted by the pancreas convert triacylglycerols into fatty acids and monoacylglycerol for absorption into the intestine.

A common duct from the pancreas and gall bladder enters the duodenum. Duodenal pH is 6 to 6.5 due to the presence of bicarbonate that neutralizes the acidic ch5une emptied from the stomach. The pH is optimum for enzymatic digestion of protein and peptide food. Pancreatic juice containing enzymes is secreted into the duodenum from the bile duct. Trypsin, ch5unotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase are involved in the hydrolysis of proteins into amino acids. Amylase is involved in the digestion of carbohydrates. Pancreatic lipase secretion hydrolyzes fats into fatty acids... 

Borovicka, J., Schwizer, W., Mettraux, C., Kreiss, C., Remy, B., Asal, K, Jansen, J.B., Douchet, I., Verger, R. and Fried, M. (1997) Regulation of gastric and pancreatic lipase secretion by CCK and cholinergic mechanisms in humans. Am.J. Physiol. 

R. (2001) Effects of Lansoprazole on Human Gastric Lipase Secretion and Intragastric Lipolysis in Healthy Human Volunteers. Digestion 63, 207-213. 

T. Shibatani, K. Omori, H. Akatsuka, E. Kawai, H. Matsumae, Enzymatic resolution of diltiazem intermediate by Serratia marcescens lipase molecular mechanism of lipase secretion and its industrial application J. Mol. Cat. B. Enz. 2000, 10,141-149. 

After 4 weeks. "Total organic carbon of water soluble products from the degradation processes with lipases secreted by two different fungi A - R. delemar and B R. arrbizus [26]. 

Bile salt dependent lipase, also known as carboxyl ester lipase, secreted by acinar cells of the pancreas and associated with LDL in blood, locates with SMC in atherosclerotic lesions and triggers SMC proliferation (434). It may also play a role in lipoprotein metabolism and oxLDL-induced atherosclerosis (reviewed in ref. 435). 

The tongue is sensitive to the taste not of triacylglycerols, but rather of free fatty acids, and especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (section 4.3.1.1). This suggests that the lipase secreted by the tongue has a role in permitting the detection of fatty foods as an energy source, in addition to its role in fat digestion (section 4.3.2). 

Angkawidjaja C, Kanaya S. 2006. Family 1.3 lipase bacteria lipases secreted by the type 1 secretion system. Cell Mol Life Sci 63 2804-2817. 

Phylloquinone is highly lipophilic however, at low concentrations it is transported by a saturable, energy-dependent transport system across the gut wall, mainly in the upper small intestine. Phylloquinone in foods consisting of plant tissues is much less readily bioavailable for absorption than the pure vitamin since it is tightly bound to the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts, and the absorption of vitamin K from plant foods is considerably improved by including additional fat in the meal. Its absorption also depends on the stimulation of bile salt and pancreatic lipase secretions. The long-chain menaquinones, which are even more lipophilic, are only passively absorbed and are much less bioavailable for absorption than phylloquinone. However, if given by injection (e.g., intracardially), they can be even more functionally active than phylloquinone. 

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