Solid Wastes Tested

Portland and asphalt cement concrete and constituents used in their production represent the largest volume of construction materiaL In addition. Table 1 shows that many agencies are routinely using industrial by-products in construction materials. This search identified hundreds of different materials broadly grouped into three major categories asphalt concrete (AC), Portland cement concrete (PCC), and other materials [215,216]. The following is a summary  

The leachabihty, chemodynamics and impact of these materials and their mobile constituents on surface and ground water is of primary concern [1-4]. There is an ongoing concern that waste materials are increasingly being used as construction materials. This concern, coupled with the imphdt need to demonstrate the ability of the protocol to discriminate toxic fi om non-toxic materials, led to the development of the hst of candidate materials shown in Table 20. 

The literature search and testing conducted in Phase 1 helped identify C R materials suitable for further testing. The hst of materials screened for toxicity in Phase II is shown in Table 21. After initial screening for toxicity, detailed leaching 

Crushed reclaimed concrete Aggregate base - aggregate replacement 

Recycled asphalt pavement Asphalt mix - aggregate replacement/binder modification 

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Fisk JF. 1986. Semi-volatile organic analytical methods - general description and quality control considerations. In Perket CL, ed. Quality control in remedial site investigation Hazardous and industrial solid waste testing, ASTM Spec Tech Publ 925. Vol. 5, American Society for Testing and Materials, 143-156. 

Handy RW, Pellizzari ED, Poppiti JA. 1986. A method for determining the reactivity of hazardous wastes that generate toxic gases. Hazardous and Industrial Solid Waste Testing Fourth Symposium, ASTMSTP 886 106-120. 

T.E. Myers, "A Simple Procedure for Acceptance Testing of Freshly Prepared Solidified Waste", Hazardous and Industrial Solid Waste Testing Fourth Symposium, ASTM STP 886, J.K. Petros, Jr., W.J. Lacy and R.A. Conway, eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Pheladelphia, P.A., 1986. 

Dodd, D. J. R., Golomb, A., Chan, H. T. Chartier, D. 1981. A comparative field and laboratory study of fly ash leaching characteristics. In Conway, R. A. Malloy, B. C. (eds) Hazardous Solid Waste Testing First Conference, ASTM Special Technical Publication 760. ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, 164-185. 

White, D.K. In Quality Control in Remedial Site Investigations Hazardous and Industrial Solid Waste Testing. Fifth Volume ASTM STP 925 Perket, C. L., Ed. American Society for Testing and Materials Philadelphia, 1986 pp 103-111. 

Migration of leachate solution through clay liner and substrate. In Hazardous and Industrial Solid Waste Testing and Disposal Sixth Volume. ASTM Special Technical Publication, 933, Philadelphia. 

Tbe multiple metals method is also currently published as Draft EPA Method 29 for inclusion in 40 CFR 60. f Full citation is Test Methods for T valuating Solid Waste Vhysical/Chemical Methods, SW-846, 3d ed., July 1992. 

Semivolatile Organics Sampling EPA Method 0010 as contained in Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, 3d ed., Report No. 

Monitor environmental conditions and test for contanimants Encourage recycling, recovery, and reuse of all solid waste to conserve resources and reduce waste... 

Test results are presented and discussed following trials in which energy recovery of mixed plastics domestic waste and municipal solid waste was carried out by means of co-combustion. The research also involved the collection of data relating to emissions, and the levels of halogens, dioxins and furans and heavy metals within the mixed plastics waste. 

Tests conducted in Finland and Sweden have indicated the viability of using waste paper and plastic packaging as a fuel in a conventional power plant rather than in a municipal solid waste incinerator. If the process is accepted, as much as 30 million tonnes of the 50 million tonnes of combustible packaging which Europe consumes each year could be used for power generation. The feasibility of the initiative is discussed, and its implications in terms of future power plant construction. APME... 

EPA. 1986c. Test methods for evaluating solid waste. Volume IB Laboratory manual, physical/chemical methods. Washington, DC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. SW-846. 

It is important that the sample being tested is representative of the leachate in the landfill. Leachate sampled directly from a sump is usually representative, but care must be taken not to mix it during removal. This will disturb the sample s homogeneity and may result in components separating out. Another problem is that municipal solid waste landfill leachate will start oxidizing as soon as it leaves the sump and should probably be sampled under an inert atmosphere. 

Wash effluents from nitration installation can cause problems due to the high nitrophenol concentrations, their high toxicity to sewage bacteric and their general resistance to biodegradation. Electrochemical pretreatment tests in the laboratory showed a reduction in toxicity, and improvement of the color smell, etc. The electrochemical pretreatment is also attractive because of the absence of solid waste coproducts and its ease of operational control, [135]. 

Physical tests, of solid waste, 25 869 Physical vapor deposition, 5 803 Physical vapor deposition (PVD), 16 173 24 721-724... 

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