Municipal solid wastes landfill leachates

It is important that the sample being tested is representative of the leachate in the landfill. Leachate sampled directly from a sump is usually representative, but care must be taken not to mix it during removal. This will disturb the sample s homogeneity and may result in components separating out. Another problem is that municipal solid waste landfill leachate will start oxidizing as soon as it leaves the sump and should probably be sampled under an inert atmosphere. 

Three bioassays a) 48h acute crustacean test (Daphnia magna) b) 96h acute fish test (Oncorhynchus mykiss) c) 96h acute fish test (Salvelinus fontinalis) Municipal solid waste landfill leachates Unspecified pretreatment... 

Ettler, V., Mrhaljevic, M., Matura, M., Skalova, M., Sebek, O. Bezdicka P. (2008). Temporal Variation of Trace Elements in Waters Polluted by Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Leachate. Bulletin of Etwironmental Contamination and Toxicology. V. 80, Ne3, pp. 274-279. 

Summary of Data on Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Leachate Characteristics, NUS Corporation (for U.S. EPA), 1988. 

From McGinely, P. M. and Kmet, P, Formation Characteristics, Treatment, and Disposal of Leachate from Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, Bureau of Solid Waste Management, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, 1984. 

A possible source for much of the groundwater contamination is landfill leachate containing trichloroethylene. Trichloroethylene was the most commonly found chemical at NPL sites in New York State (Mumtaz et al. 1994). The compound was detected in leachate samples from Minnesota municipal solid waste landfills at levels ranging from 0.7 to 125 pg/L (0.7-125 ppb) and in groundwater near landfills at levels ranging from 0.2 to 144 pg/L (0.2-144 ppb) (Sabel and Clark 1984). Trichloroethylene was also detected in landfill leachate from a landfill in New Jersey at concentrations of up to 7,700 pg/L (7,700 ppb) (Kosson et al. 

Subtitle D of RCRA covers nonhazardous solid waste generators, transporters, treatment facilities, storage facilities, and disposal sites. Extensive rules governing municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLs) have been developed, including how to design, construct, operate, monitor, and close a landfill, as well as leachate systems and caps. The nonhazardous waste regulation is left for the states. 

Ward, M.L., Bitton, G., Townsend, T. and Booth, M. (2002a) Determining toxicity of leachates from Florida municipal solid waste landfills using a battery-of-tests approach, Environmental Toxicology 17 (3), 258-266. 

Isidori, M., Lavorgna, M., Nardelli, A. and Parrella, A. (2003) Toxicity identification evaluation of leachates from municipal solid waste landfills a multispecies approach, Chemosphere 52, 85-94. 

Belevi H. and Baccini P. (1992) Long-term leachate emissions from municipal solid waste landfills. In Landfilling of Waste Leachate (eds. T. H. Christensen, R. Cossu, and R. Stegmann). Elsevier, London, pp. 431 -440. 

UV-visible spectra of leachates from four municipal solid waste landfills, Augsburg, Grospierres, Munich and Saint-Bres are presented in Fig. 2. All these samples are diluted 20 times, except Saint Bres (40 times). The direct examination shows, for all leachate samples, a decreasing monotonous spectrum between 200 and 400 nm. Nevertheless, some individual particularities can be noticed. 

Tab. 9.10 Concentrations of trace elements (gg L ) in leachates from municipal solid waste landfills. (From Ehrig 1989.)...

Belevi, H. and Baccini, P. (1989) Long term assessment of leachates from municipal solid waste landfills. In Sardinia 89. Proc. Second international landfill symposium, Vol 1. CIPA, Milan. XXXIV, 1-8. 

Van Genuchten, M.T., G.F. Pinder and W.P. Saukin (1977). Modeling of leachate and soil interactions in an aquifer. Proceedings of the Third Annual Municipal Solid Waste Research Symposium on Management of Gas and Leachate in Landfills. EPA-600/9-77-026. pp. 95-103. 

Dichlorobenzene (unspecifred isomers) has been reported in the leachate from industrial and municipal landfills at concentrations from 0.007 to 0.52 ppm (7-520 ppb) (Brown and Donnelly 1988). 1,4-Dichlorobenzene has also been monitored in wetland-treated leachate water at a municipal solid waste landfdl in central Florida (Chen and Zoltech 1995). Groundwater samples contained concentrations of 0.08-10.71 ppb. Hallbourg et al. (1992) detected dichlorobenzene (unspecified... 

Johnson, C. A., Kaeppeh, M., Brandenberger, S., Ulrich, A. Baumann, W. 1999. Hydrological and geochemical factors affecting leachate composition in municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash. Part II. The geochemistry of leachate from Landfill Lostorf, Switzerland. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 40, 239- 259. 

Other applications of the MetPLATE test include the assessment of heavy metal toxicity in aquatic environments (Gupta and Karuppiah, 1996), soils (Bitton et ah, 1996 Brohon and Gourdon, 2000 Kong et ah, 2003), sediments (Bitton et ah, 1992a de Vevey et ah, 1993 Kong et ah, 1998), leachates from wood treated with CCA and other wood preservatives (Stook et ah, 2001), municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachates (Ward et ah, 2002), teapots (Boularbah et ah, 1999) and metal accumulation in plants (Boularbah et ah, 2000). 

Table 5. HMBC for Municipal Solid Waste leachates from Florida Landfills.

The greatest environmental concern with landfilling of municipal solid waste that unavoidably contains hazardous compounds, is the generation of leachate from infiltrating surface water and groundwater with resultant contamination of groundwater suppliers. Modem waste landfills provide elaborate systems to contain, collect, and control such leachate (Figure 11). 

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