Toxic Gas Generation

To establish the extent to which the toxicity of a material s combustion products could be explained and predicted by the interaction of the major toxic gases generated from that material in the laboratory or whether minor and more obscure combustion gases needed to be considered. 

Never heat a closed system. Always provide a vent to avoid an explosion. Provide a suitable trap for any toxic gases generated in a given reaction. 

In 1978, the Home Office report (14) concerning the fire behaviour of new (i.e. post 1945) materials specifically criticised the fire performance of upholstered domestic furniture and recommended manufacturers to improve ignition resistance, to reduce flammability, and to reduce the rates of smoke and toxic gas generation. 

Because of the lack of suitable standard rate of heat, smoke and toxic gas generation tests, the 1988 UK regulations are based on ignition resistance of individual materials. This contradicts the basic requirements for the fire testing of composites and of hazard related tests and as such it may be possible to develop materials which meet the requirements but which produce hazardous products. 

CHEMICAL ENERGY (continued) Other increased reactivity Inadvertent mixing or contact with incompatible material heat, pressure, or toxic gas generation... 

C4H6 1,3- butadiene heat generation, violent polymeriza- tion fire, toxic gas generation heat generation, violent polymeriza- tion fla mmable peroxidizes polymerizes decomposes ... 

SMP 800-C Bombardier Material and Process Specification, Toxic Gas Generation. Bombardier Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 

The high flammability and toxic-gas generation of flexible and rigid urethane foams have been major problems in the urethane-foam industry, and accordingly considerable efforts have been focused on the production of substantially flame-retardant flexible foams. 

Extrusion grade, PEI/PC blend was developed for aircraft applications to meet the federal aviation standards for low flammability, smoke and toxic gas generation [Skeist, 1991]. PEEPC ther-moformable sheet is used for the fabrication of transport aircraft window housings, air ducts, consoles and other components. PEI/PC sheet is also used as high temperamre paint mask in the automotive industry. PEI/PC molding compounds have also been evaluated for microwave-able cookware. Due to the high cost of PEI,... 

Nishimaru, Y., and Y. Tsuda. 1982. Study of toxic gas generated during combustion in case of natural and artificial lawn. MBS Spec. Publ. U.S.) 639 104-15. 

Various standards have been developed for the measurement of toxic gas generation accompanying the combustion of polymers (Appendix 1) including ASTM D2843... 

BSS 7239, Boeing Procedure for Testing Toxic Gas Generation During Combustion of Polymers. 

Carbon monoxide—A colorless, odorless, toxic gas generated by the combustion of common fuels in the presence of insufficient air or where combustion is incomplete. 

See also flame retardants smoke/toxic gas generation. 

Nickel Carbonyl The extremely toxic gas nickel carbonyl can be detected at 0.01 ppb by measuring its chemiluminescent reaction with ozone in the presence of carbon monoxide. The reaction produces excited nickel(II) oxide by a chain process which generates many photons from each pollutant molecule to permit high sensitivity (315). 

Air pollution Dust, effluvia, smoke and fume, odour Toxic or flammable gas generation... 

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