Soil bioremediation, technology

Guimaraes BCM, Arends JBA, van der Ha D, Van de Wide T, Boon N, Verstraete W (2010) Microbial services and their management recent progress in soil bioremediation technology. Applied Soil Ecol 46 157-167... 

There are a wide range of bioremediation technologies either in use or proposed for use on oil/gasoline-contaminated land [301, 319], and these can be divided into two broad groups. In situ techniques treat the contamination at the site of the pollution event, whereas ex situ techniques remove the contamination from the ground and transfer it to another location for treatment. The use of in situ treatment is often preferable in terms of financial considerations, due to the cost of moving large quantities of soil [20]. Some novel approaches to the problem of hydrocarbon contamination of contaminated aqueous-solid phase environments is the use of (1) gas-liquid foams to enhance in situ bioremediation, and (2) biostimulation, as follows. 

M Company, 3M Empore Extraction Disk BioGenesis Enterprises, Inc., Soil and Sediment Washing Process Bioremediation Technology Services, Inc., BTS Method BioSystems Technology, Inc., Chlorinated Solvent Remediation (CSR)... 

Bio-Spin is an ex situ, bioremediation technology that treats soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. According to the vendor, the Bio-Spin system first screens and separates oversized debris. Then the system adds enzymes, uses rotation to mix the enzymes and contaminated soil, and then discharges the treated soil into a stockpile. The treated soil is kept separate from surrounding soils until bioremediation is complete. 

The vendor also incorporates other technologies to act in conjunction with biodegradation, such as air sparging, soil vapor extraction, or pump-and-treat systems. This technology is patented and is commercially available from BioRemedial Technologies, Inc. All information contained herein was provided by the vendor and has not been independently verified. 

Microcat (meaning microbial catalysts) products constitute a bioremediation technology used on wastewaters, sludges, and soils. Microcat products include specialized microbial cultures, nutrients, and surfactants to remediate organic contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons. The products used in site remediation include ... 

Biosolids-enhanced remediation (BER) is an ex situ bioremediation technology used to treat soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and polycychc aromatic hydrocarbons. The BER technology was developed by isolating particular microorganisms with the ability to degrade the specific components of petroleum products. The technology has been applied full scale and is commercially available. 

BioSystems Technology s CSR process is an anaerobic bioremediation technology for soils and aqueous media contaminated with chlorinated compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls... 

The ChemPete bioremediation technology works under buildings, roads, and other structures that would have to be demolished to apply many other technologies. The ChemPete technology can be used in conjunction with soil vapor extraction. Preliminary tests on bioremediation of nickel, in which the valence state is changed rendering it insoluble, have also been conducted. 

The Earth Tech technology is an ex situ, soil bioremediation process that uses the indigenous microorganisms already present in the soil in a custom-designed approach to enhance microbial activity. The Earth Tech technology is used primarily to treat soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons from fuels (such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, etc.). In the Earth Tech process. 

The total costs for using the Electrokinetic soil cleaning technology range from 20 to 100/yd of treated media. The vendor estimated that the costs for an electrokineticaUy enhanced bioremediation project would range from 10 to 90/yd. The costs will vary based on the site s specific chemical and hydraulic properties. The unit price for this technology is dependent on ... 

This is an ex situ anaerobic bioremediation technology for metal-contaminated soils, sludges, and sediments. While metals are the primary pollutant treated, the biological system also degrades and removes organics such as hydrocarbons. 

Contaminants treated by the Daramend bioremediation technology inclnde heavy oils, chlorinated phenols (CPs), polynnclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total petrolenm hydrocarbons (TPH), and phthalates. The vendor claims the Daramend technology can be nsed to treat soils containing concentrations of CPs and PAHs that are typically considered too toxic for bioremediation. 

More rehable than other bioremediation technologies because the organic soil amendments are specifically engineered for the soil type. 

FACT is an ex situ process that treats all biodegradable semivolatile organics compounds (SVOCs) including petroleum-contaminated soil. It has an advantage over other bioremediation technologies such as landfarming, in that it requires less space to degrade contaminants. 

In 1995, the Dual Auger/bioremediation technology was used at an automotive dealership in Yuma, Arizona. The 120,000 project remediated 2752 yd of soil contaminated with diesel fuel and waste oil (D10314Q, p. 10 D12627C, p. 19). 

Enhanced natural degradation (END) is an in situ bioremediation technology for groundwater contaminated with hazardous organic compounds. By promoting the proper environmental conditions, the natural microorganisms in the subsurface soils multiply and transform the contaminants into nontoxic compounds, according to the vendor. 

IT Corporation s (IT s) bioremediation technology treats contaminated groundwater and saturated soils. The commercially available technology utilizes extraction and injection wells to deliver nutrients and oxygen to contaminated areas to stimulate indigenous bacteria activity. Organic matter is oxidized by bacteria into innocuous end products including carbon dioxide... 

The estimated price range for using the IT slurry-phase bioremediation technology is 175 to 250/yd of waste treated. Based on the treatment of 800 lb of soil, sludge, or sediment in a pilot-scale treatability study, the IT slurry-phase bioremediation technology cost is estimated to... 

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