Sodium hydroxide, and the

Tin(IV) oxide is insoluble in water, but if fused with sodium hydroxide and the mass extracted with water, sodium hexahydroxo-stannate(IV) is formed in solution ... 

Z>) Toluene-p-sulphonylotion (p. 247). Proceed as in 3(a), but using 1 5 g of toluene-p-sulphonyl chloride, either finely pow dered or in concentrated acetone solution. Note. The sulphonyl derivative of a primary amine is soluble in aqueous sodium hydroxide, and the final solution must be diluted and acidified to precipitate the product. Recrystallise and take the m.p. (M.ps., pp. 550-551.)... 

In this case, the components are mixed, the pH adjusted to about 6.0 with sodium hydroxide, and the solution appHed to the textile via a pad-dry-cure treatment. The combination of urea and formaldehyde given off from the THPC further strengthens the polymer and causes a limited amount of cross-linking to the fabric. The Na2HP04 not only acts as a catalyst, but also as an additional buffer for the system. Other weak bases also have been found to be effective. The presence of urea in any flame-retardant finish tends to reduce the amount of formaldehyde released during finishing. 

The concentration of aqueous solutions of the acid can be deterrnined by titration with sodium hydroxide, and the concentration of formate ion by oxidation with permanganate and back titration. Volatile impurities can be estimated by gas—Hquid chromatography. Standard analytical methods are detailed in References 37 and 38. 

The Harris softening process (20) (Fig. 13) depends on the interaction of lead, niter [7631-99-4] NaNO, sodium hydroxide, and the impurities ... 

The latter method typically requires less severe conditions than the former because of the labile nature of the organic anhydride (87,137). Both of these reactions can result in explosions and significant precautions should be taken prior to any attempted synthesis of a peracid (87). For soHd peracids the reaction mixture can be neutralized with sodium hydroxide and the resulting fUtercake washed with water. In the case of the sulfuric acid mediated reaction the peracid has sodium sulfate incorporated in the cake (135). The water of hydration present in the sodium sulfate is desirable to prevent detonation or deflagration of the soHd peracid when isolated in a dry state (87,138,139). 

The dry methosulfate, dissolved in about 30 ml. of water, is made alkaline with 2-3 ml. of 10% sodium hydroxide, and the solution is then extracted exhaustively with successive 15-ml. portions of chloroform until no more blue substance is remov ed from the aqueous solution (Note 12). The combined chloroform solutions are extracted three times with 20-ml. portions of 5% hydrochloric acid. The combined acid extracts are made alkaline to phenolphthalein with 10% sodium hydroxide and reextracted exhaustively with 25-ml. portions of chloroform until no more blue substance is removed from the aqueous solution (Note 12). The combined chloroform solutions are dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and decanted, and the chloroform is removed by distillation under reduced pressure. The blue crystalline residue is recrystallized by dissohnng it in the least possible amount of water at 60° and then cooling the solution in an ice bath. The product is filtered on a 5-cm. Buchner funnel and dried in the dark in a v acuum desiccator over calcium chloride. The yield is 1.35 g. (58%) of dark blue needles that melt at 133° (Note 13). 

The pure malate (mol. wt. 255) is decomposed by warming with very slightly more (Note 5) than two equivalents of approximately 2 N sodium hydroxide. The amine is extracted, after cooling with three or four 25-cc. portions of pure benzene, the solution is dried thoroughly with powdered sodium hydroxide, and the pure amine, b.p., 184-185°, [app + 39.2° to +39.7° (without solvent), is obtained by distillation (Note 6). A small amount of the amine distils with the benzene. The yield is 35-40 g. (92-94 per cent of the theoretical amount based on the pure malate). 

In isolating higher-melting compounds prepared by this method (e.g., 7-naphthylbutyric acids), the layers are separated after cooling to 50-60°, benzene is used for the extraction, and the combined solution is clarified with Norite while still wet, concentrated somewhat, and allowed to cool for crystallization. In preparing methoxylated adds such as 7-anisyl- or 7-veratryl-butyric acid some demethylation occurs and a modification is necessary. The toluene layer and extracts are mixed with an excess of dilute sodium hydroxide and the organic solvents are... 

Alternatively cellulose is produced from wood via wood pulp. A number of processes are used in which the overall effect is the removal of the bulk of the non-cellulosic matter. The most widely used are the sulphite process, which uses a solution of calcium bisulphite and sulphur dioxide, the soda process using sodium hydroxide and the sulphate process using a solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphide. (The term sulphate process is used since sodium sulphate is the source of the sulphide.) For chemical purposes the sulphite process is most commonly used. As normally prepared these pulps contain about 88-90% alpha-cellulose but this may be increased by alkaline purification and bleaching. 

To 1 g of 2j5-azido-3a-iodo-5a-cholestane ° in 10 ml benzene is added 0.4 g trimethyl phosphite. A boiling chip is added and the mixture allowed to stand at room temperature for 4 days. The solvent is removed in vacuo, with most of the trimethyl phosphite being removed at 0.1 mm. This crude product (100) is dissolved in 10 ml of dry ether and added dropwise to a stirred mixture of 0.5 g of lithium aluminum hydride in 10 ml of ether. After stirring at 25° for 3 hr, the excess of hydride is destroyed by the addition of 2 ml 20 % sodium hydroxide and the aluminum salts are filtered. The solution is washed with ether, and the ether removed in vacuo giving 0.71 g [76 %] of product (95) mp 101-103°. 

The filtrates are combined, cooled, and extracted with three successive 200 cc portions of ether. The pH of the filtrate is then raised to 3.5 with sodium hydroxide and the filtrate extracted with six successive 200 cc portions of ether to yield the balance of the product. The crude para-aminobenzoic acid product is recovered by evaporation of ether and is suspended in hot benzene, cooled and filtered to remove benzoic and toluic acids together with small amounts of impurities soluble in the filtrate. Recrystallization of the product from 200 cc of water yields 14.5 grams of light tan needles of para-aminobenzoic acid having an acid number of 411 (theoretical value 409). 

The ether extracts are extracted with 2 N sodium hydroxide and the sodium hydroxide extracts are acidified with sodium dihydrogen phosphate and extracted again into ether. 

A solution of 27.2 parts of 4-diisopropvlamino-2-phenvl-2-(2-pvridvl)butyronitrile in 200 parts of concentrated sulfuric acid is heated on a steam bath for 4 hours and then poured onto ice. The resultant mixture is alkalized with ION sodium hydroxide, and the pH is adjusted to 6 by the addition of acetic acid. The solution is washed once with benzene before it is alkalized again with ION sodium hydroxide solution. The resultant mixture is extracted with benzene, and the solvent is evaporated from the benzene extract. The resultant residue is dissolved in ethanol and the alcohol solution is treated with charcoal and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent leaves a residue which is recrystallized from hexane to give 4-diisopropvlamino-2-phenvl-2-(2-Pvridvl)butyramide melting at about 94.5°-95°C. 

A suspension of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (36.4 grams) in water was adjusted to pH 7.2 by the addition of N aqueous sodium hydroxide and the resulting solution was treated with a solution of 3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carbonyl chloride (46.1 grams) in isobutyl methyl ketone. The mixture was stirred vigorously for hours and then filtered through Dicalite. The layers were separated and the isobutyl methyl ketone layer was shaken with saturated brine. Then, precipitation of the sodium salt only took place after dilution of the mixture with ether. In this way there was obtained 60.7 grams of the penicillin sodium salt having a purity of 88% as determined by alkalimetric assay. 

Then, 1.3 ml of glycerine are mixed with 0.5 ml of a 25% solution of methyl p-hydroxy-benzoate in ethanol, and 50 ml of distilled water are added. To the produced mixture are, after sterile filtration, added 10 ml of the stock solution 1, 2.5 ml of the stock solution 2 and 10 ml of the stock solution 3, after which 3.0 ml of sterile 0.1 N sodium hydroxide are added, and the mixture is filled up with sterile distilled water to a volume of 100 ml. The insulin will be precipitated amorphously by the admixture of the sodium hydroxide, and the produced suspension acquires the pH value of 7. It will contain approximately 1 gamma zinc per insulin unit. 

A solution of 150 g (0J44 mol) of d(+)6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimida2o[2,1-b] thiazole, d-10-camphorsulfonate in water is treated with 15.5 g (0.378 mol) of 98% sodium hydroxide and the liberated base extracted with chloroform. The chloroform solution Is washed with water followed by sodium chloride solution and dried over magnesium sulfate. Evaporation of the solvent left 72.1 g of residue which crystallized shortly. The free base hereby obtained has a melting point of 60°C to 61.5°C and an opticai rotation + 85.1 (C = 10, CHCI3). 

A mixture of 1B g of 1 -acetamido-3,5-dimethvladamantane, 3B g of sodium hydroxide, and 300 ml of diethylene glycol was refluxed for a period of 6 hours. The reaction product mixture was cooled and poured onto about IfiQQ ml of crushed Ice. The basic solution thus obtained was extracted five times with 250-ml portions of benzene and the aqueous layer was discarded. The combined benzene extracts were dried over sodium hydroxide and the dried benzene solution concentrated in vacuo to give a crude oil weighing 14 g and having np =... 

The aqueous hydrochloric solution is made alkaline by adding dilute sodium hydroxide, and the thioxanthene base is isolated by extraction with ether. This results in 22 g of a slightly yellow, viscous base of BP 171° to 175°C/0.07 mm. 

To the mixture of 85.5 g ethyl a-(3chloro-4.aminophenyl)-propionate hydrochloride, 142 g sodium carbonate and 600 ml dimethyl formamide, 107 g 1,4room temperature. The mixture is filtered, the filtrate evaporated in vacuo, the residue is triturated with hexane, the mixture filtered, the residue washed with petroleum ether and the filtrate evaporated. The residue is combined with 280 ml 25% aqueous sodium hydroxide and the mixture refluxed for 8 hours. After cooling, it is diluted with water, washed with diethyl ether, the pH adjusted to 5 to 5.2 with hydrochloric acid and extracted with diethyl ether. The extract is dried, filtered, evaporated and the residue crystallized from benzene-hexane, to yield the a-(3-chloro-4-pyrrolinophenyl)-propionic acid melting at 94°C to 96°C. 

Work by Beckmann indicated that lead hydroxide was only very slightly better as an inhibitor than sodium hydroxide, and the mechanism... 

In the direct method, a solution of the ammonium salt is treated with a solution of a strong base (e.g. sodium hydroxide) and the mixture distilled. Ammonia is quantitatively expelled, and is absorbed in an excess of standard acid. The excess of acid is back-titrated in the presence of methyl red (or methyl orange, methyl orange-indigo carmine, bromophenol blue, or bromocresol green). Each millilitre of 1M monoprotic acid consumed in the reaction is equivalent to 0.017032 g NH3 ... 

Hie two main differences between caldum gluconate and sodium gluconate production are that, in the latter, pH control is performed by addition of sodium hydroxide and the initial glucose concentration is different... 

Where a deposit contains an adequate concentration of sodium hydroxide and the affected area is stressed to a sufficiently high level, stress-corrosion cracking or caustic embrittlement (SCC) may occur. This type of caustic corrosion is different from caustic gouging, which does not require the presence of stress. 

To a slurry of 33.5-33.9 g. of the pure (-)-amine (-)-DAG salt in 130 ml. of water is added 56 ml. of aqueous 2AT sodium hydroxide, and the resulting oily suspension is extracted with four 80-ml. portions of ether. The combined ether extracts are washed with 50 ml. of water and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After filtration and removal of the ether on a rotary evaporator, the crude base is distilled under reduced pressure through a 20-cm. Vigreux column (Note 8). This operation affords 10.9-11.7 g. (85-90% yield, based on the amount of the salt used) of the pure ()-amine as a colorless liquid, b.p. 156-157° (11mm.), n2i d 1.6211-1.6212, df 1.056, [a]2D5 -80.1° (neat), [oc]2d3 -60.4° (c 10.0%, methanol), [a] -59.3° (c 0.65%, methanol) (Notes 9 and 10). 

Reagent 111 was formed by dissolving 0.50 g (3.5 mmol) of II in 25 mL of water in a 50-mL round-bottom flask. To this solution was added 0.15 g (3.61 mmol) of sodium hydroxide, and the mixture was heated on a steam bath for 30 min. The water was removed and the residue suspended in hot toluene. The toluene suspension was filtered and the remaining solid dried in an Abderhalden drying pistol with phosphorus pentoxide. This procedure gave 0.55 g (99%) yield of Reagent 111. 

Tri-O-acetyl-a-D-xylopyranosyl bromide106 (138) and N-tosyl-L-serine methyl ester107 (139) were condensed in the presence of Drierite and silver oxide, and then the O-acetyl and methyl ester groups were removed by treatment with sodium hydroxide, and the N-tosyl group by means of sodium in liquid ammonia, to give 140. Synthesis of this compound has also been described by other workers108-110 and the a-D an-omer by Brendel and Davidson.108... 

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