Saturated brine

Saturated absorption Saturated brine Saturation Saturation bonding Saturation magnetization Sauerkraut Sauflon Sauflon PW S. aureus... 

Scrubbing andDesliming. Sylvinite ores in North America contain 1—6 wt % water-insoluble clays. A significant portion of these clays is less than 0.002 mm in diameter. If not removed or controUed in some manner, clay bodies that are dispersed in the flotation solution, ie, brine saturated with KCl and NaCl, absorb the amine coUector, which is added to effect flotation separation, and the coUector is rendered ineffective. Clay is the most troublesome impurity encountered in the processing of sylvinite ore. 

This model (known as the SDR model) uses the log mean relaxation of 100% brine saturated rock as the estimator of the effective pore size [32]. This limits the method to rocks in the absence of hydrocarbons, which models permeability to be proportional to the porosity to the fourth power and log mean T2 to the second power, Eq. (3.6.6). Variations of this method use different exponents or the formation resistivity factor rather than porosity [2] ... 

Flow Tests. Results of the flow tests are shown in Figures 3 through 6. Figure 3 shows the results of a typical run with a brine saturated sand pack wherein a 300 ppm polymer solution in 1 wt% NaCl was injected at a pH of 8.26. Before this, steady state conditions were established in the core by injecting 1 wt% NaCl. The pH values were stabilized at 8.0 and viscosity at around 1.1 cp. The pressure drop across the core stayed constant up to about 8 PV of polymer injection, the pH stayed in the acidic range, and effluent viscosity was consistently lower than the influent value. At about 8 PV the pressure drop started to build and within 2 PV, increased up to about 100 psi essentially plugging the core. No polymer was eluted until the end of the run. 

Figure 3. Effluent Profiles for brine saturated Wilmington sand...

In the example shown in Fig. 11.3, a feed-stream containing a sodium sulphate concentration of 20 g l-1, with a flow rate of 3.43 m3 h 1, is split into two streams by the filter, namely a concentrate stream of 0.8 m3 h 1, with 83 g 1 1 of sodium sulphate and a permeate stream of 2.63 m3 h-1, with a sodium sulphate concentration of 0.82 g l-1. The permeate stream is returned to the brine saturators and the concentrate stream is sent to effluent. 

The surfactant has two important roles in CO2 foam. First, it increases the apparent viscosity of CO2 so that brine and oil are displaced in a stable manner. Second, the surfactant lowers the interfacial tension between CO2 and brine which promotes brine displacement. Reducing the brine saturation below S c allows bulk-phase CO2 to completely access the oil-filled pore network. A high-saturation brine bank also retards CO2 mobility by relative permeability effects. The brine bank carries surfactant and allows oil reconnection and mobilization ahead of the bulk CO2 phase because of the favorable partitioning of CO2 from brine into oil. 

The differences between the miscible CO2 foam process and a stable tertiary miscible solvent process are shown in Figures 2 and 3. In the miscible CO2 foam process, oil mobilization occurs as CO2 partitions into and swells the trapped oil above Sorw allowing it to be displaced by the mobile brine. The carbonated brine in turn is displaced by CO2 foam. In comparison, miscible N2 and LPG do not transfer to oil through solution in the water phase, as CO2 does. Instead of a brine bank, the solvent and oil are separated by a miscible dispersion zone. The brine saturation is not reduced below Swc ... 

For clean sand with intergranuleir porosity and for brine saturation Sw<100% the resistivity index versus brine saturation is obtained from Archie s equation [5] ... 

Chargeability factor M depends on the brine/gas saturation of porous solids. Figure 3 gives the relationship between the chargeability and brine saturation for two samples. We noted that the M decreases hardly with the decrease of the brine saturation. The presence of vugs and karsts pore types (sample 9-LS8) seems to speed up the decrease of the M Chargeability factor M can be explained by a multi-linear model composed of different structures parameters such as the formation resistivity factor, water porosity, Hg-specific surface area and water permeability, e.g.. Fig. 5. 

Sodium carbonate is produced by the Solvay process, which uses sodium dichloride, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. Carbon dioxide obtained from burning limestone to lime is introduced in counter-current to the solution of sodium chloride (known as brine) saturated with ammonia. Sodium bicarbonate, which is almost insoluble in solution and precipitates, is separated and roasted to sodium carbonate [3]. 

Example. Estimate the coefficient of compresaon of a 20,000 ppm total solids brine saturated with gas at 2000 psia and 150° P. 

Vodrias E. A. and Means J. L. (1993) Sorption of uranium by brine-saturated halite, mudstone, and carbonate minerals. Chemosphere 26(10), 1753—1765. 

Brine, saturated with chlorine gas, is discharged from the cell to a separation vessel from which dissolved chlorine gas is extracted by air stripping. 

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