Penicillin G, sodium salt

SYNS AMERICAN PENICILLIN BENZYL-PENICILLIN SODIUM CRYSTAPEN MYCOFARM NOVOCILLIN PEN-A-BRASIVE PENICILLIN-G, MONOSODIUM SALT PENICILLIN G, SODIUM PENICILLIN G, SODIUM SALT PENILARYN PENZYLPENICILLIN SODIUM SALT SODIUM BENZYLPENICILLIN SODIUM BENZYLPENICILLIN G SODIUM BENZYLPENICILLINATE SODIUM PENICILLIN SODIUM PENICILLIN G SODIUM PENICILLIN II VETICILLIN... 

Antibiotics 10,000 U/mL penicillin G sodium salt plus 10 mg/mL streptomycin, as sulfate 6 salt. 

The spots were detected by spraying with 0.25% w/v fluorescein sodium salt soln. The minimum amounts detectable with the method were 3.0 fig for phenoxymethyl penicillin K and 1.0 fig for ampicillin, penicillin G, penicillin GK, penicillin G sodium salt, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and di-cloxacillin sodium salt Ref... 

Whereas the carboxylic acid is shown for many of these compounds, the majority of the commercial penicillins are sodium salts. Penicillin G is available as the calcium salt [973-53-5] C gH N20 S d/s Ca, and as the potassium salt [113-98-4] C2gH2yN20 S K. 

Benzyl penicillin (Penicillin G sodium and potassium salt) 0.5-5 MU IM/IV... 

The international unit (lU) of penicilhn is the specific penicillin activity contained in 0.6 pg of the crystalline sodium salt of penicillin G. One milhgram of pure penicillin G sodium thus equals 1667 units 1.0 mg of pure penicillin G potassium represents 1595 units. The dosage and the antibacterial potency of the synthetic penicillins are expressed in terms of weight. 

The application of chemometric procedures coupled with derivative spectroscopy permits achievement of higher selectivity in determination of P-lactam antibiotics. Currently, chemometric procedures based on the estimated ratio of spectra derivative for the selective determination of P-lactam analogs are the most common. It was proved that the application of the ratio of different-order spectra derivatives permitted the separation of binary and tertiary mixtures of P-lactam antibiotics [22]. During the determination of concentrations of three components (e.g., penicillin-G sodium, penicillin-G procain and dihydrostreptomycin sulphate salts) in a mixture the equation describing the ratio spectra derivative spetrophotometry is as follows ... 

The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 7.5 by adding a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. After being washed twice with diethyl ether, the reaction solution was acidified to pH 2 with dilute hydrochloric acid and extracted with ether. The ether solution containing the free penicillin was washed twice with water and then extracted with 50 ml of N potassium bicarbonate solution. After freeze drying of the obtained neutral solution, the potassium salt of o-azidobenzylpenicillin was obtained as a slightly colored powder (11.2 grams, 54% yield) with a purity of 55% as determined by the hydroxylamine method (the potassium salt of penicillin G being used as a standard). 

The reaction between 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6.5 g) and 3-o-chlorophenyl-5-methyllsoxa2ole-4-carbonyl chloride (7.66 g) gave the sodium salt of 3-o-chlorophenyl-5-methyl4-isoxa2olyl-penicillin (9.9Bg) asa pale yellow solid. Colorimetric assay with hydroxy lamina against a ben2-ylpenicillin standard indicated a purity of 6B%. 

Figure 22.5 depicts the absorption bands of the sodium salt of Penicillin G at 703 cm F... 

The activity of penicillin G was originally defined in units. Crystalline sodium penicillin G contains approximately 1600 units per mg (1 unit = 0.6 meg 1 million units of penicillin = 0.6 g). Semisynthetic penicillins are prescribed by weight rather than units. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of any penicillin (or other antimicrobial) is usually given in mcg/mL. Most penicillins are dispensed as the sodium or potassium salt of the free acid. Potassium penicillin G contains about 1.7 mEq of K+ per million units of penicillin (2.8 mEq/g). Nafcillin contains Na +, 2.8 mEq/g. Procaine salts and benzathine salts of penicillin G provide repository forms for intramuscular injection. In dry crystalline form, penicillin salts are stable for years at 4°C. Solutions lose their activity rapidly (eg, 24 hours at 20°C) and must be prepared fresh for administration. 

The rates of absorption, clearance, and elimination of penicillin G are influenced by its formulation. Penicillin G is available in a number of different salts either with inorganic ions including sodium, potassium, or calcium or with organic cations including procaine and benzathine. These salts have differing solubilities and hence differing durations of action. 

The sodium and potassium salts are rapidly absorbed but give effective plasma concentrations for no more than 4 h. The procaine salt has a lower solubility and forms, on injection, a depot that slowly releases penicillin G, maintaining effective concentrations for up to 24 h. After intramuscular treatment of swine... 

Penicillins have several properties that are characteristic of /i-lactam antibiotics. They are obtained in relatively pure form as off-white, tan, or yellow freeze-dried or spray-dried solids that are usually amorphous. Alternatively they are sometimes obtained as crystalline solids, often as hydrates. Penicillins do not usually have sharp melting points, but decompose upon heating to elevated temperatures. Most natural members have a free carboxyl group and commercial preparations are generally either supplied as salts, most frequently as sodium salts, or in zwitterionic form as hydrates, e.g.. amoxicillin trihydrate. The acid strength of the carboxyl group in aqueous solution varies from pAT = 2.73 for oxacillin to p= 3.06 for carbenicillin. 

The sodium and potassium salts of penicillin G are the only formulations suitable for i.v. administration. They are also the most rapidly absorbed... 

Penicillin G is available in injectable formulations. The sodium and potassium salts (crystalline penicillin) are water-soluble formulations and may be injected i.v., i.m. or s.c. They rapidly produce high plasma concentrations but have very short half-lives, so must be administered frequently. The potassium salt must be administered more carehilly than the sodium salt, as rapid i.v. administration can cause cardiac arrhythmias. These formulations are frequently used for their Grampositive activity in life-threatening diseases and conditions such as surgical colic, neonatal septicemia and clostridial myositis. 

Penicillin is an organic acid that is commonly supplied as sodium and potassinm salts. Penicillin V (Pen-Vee K and V-cillin K) and phenethicillin (Syncillin and Maxipen) are different from penicillin G (benzylpenicillin) in that they are more acid resistant. In addition to the broad-spectrum penicillins snch as ampicillin and amoxicillin, there is a... 

Sodium salt monohydrate, C, H,gN3Na05S.H20, penicillin P-12, sodium oxacillin, BRL 1400, Bactocill, Brtstopen, Cryptociilin, Micropenin, Oxabel, Penstapho, Penstaphocid, Prostaphlin, Resistopen, Stapenor. Crystals from isopropanol mp 188 (dec). [a]g> +201 (c = l in water). LD orally in rats >8000 mg/kg (Goldenthal). therap cat Antibacterial. 

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