Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate

SDBS Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate 348 Anionic... 

Surfactants — either anionic surfactants such as sodium dodecylsulfate [SDS], or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate [SDBS], or polysaccharide [Gum Arabic GA] — were first used to disperse, and exfoliate as-produced SWCNTs in water by ultrasonication, and to stabilize the resulting aqueous CNT suspension, see Figure 2.12. The SWCNTs were synthesized by either the AD method [about 30 % of impurities], or by the HiPCO process [having a catalyst particle content of about 5 wt%]. Please note that not only short surfactant molecules, but also polymeric surfactants such as polystyrene sulfonate, or even conductive polymers having a surfactant nature, can also be successfully used to disperse CNTs in water. 

While raising the pH gave some improvements in lather, more improvement was needed. Various co-surfactants, including alkyl sulfates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, and fatty acid taurides were effective in improving the speed of lather when present at levels of around 5%. Cost considerations led to choosing an alkyl aryl sulfonate, particularly sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, as it was already widely used in the formulation of laundry detergents. 

Various detergents were examined for their effect on lather properties. It was observed that alkyl aryl sulfonates (like sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) and alkyl sulfates (like sodium lauryl sulfate) had the biggest impact as foam boosters. This is not surprising, as both surfactants have head groups with high charge density, which is important for achieving rapid and stable foam [20],... 

Edelhauser (3) has explained his results on the interaction of anionic surfactants (sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecyl-benzene sulfonate) with a PVAC latex as a two-step mechanism involving surface adsorption followed by surfactant penetration into... 

Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (BDH Chemicals Ltd.) was suitable for gas-liquid chromatography i.e. was free from commercial detergent additives but contained 60 % sodium sulfate. It was used at a concentration of 4.6 x 10 mol dm which is four times the c.m.c. (1.15 x 10 " mol dnT (18)) in the absence of an additional electrolyte. The concentration of sodium sulfate was 1.7 x 10 mol dm . The same concentration of excess potassium hydroxide was used (4.0 x 10 mol dm ) as in the experiments with potassium octadecanoate. 

Variation with Temperature of the Number of Latex Particles formed in the Thermal Polymerization of Styrene emulsified with 4.6 x lQ-d mol dm Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in 1.7 x 10 " mol dnT So dium sulfate"... 

In the present experiments greatly enhanced rates of thermal emulsion polymerization were observed when potassium octadecanoate or sodium dodecyl sulfate (at 0.12 mol dm ) whereas sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and Triton1 X-100 (Rohm Haas, a non-ionic emulsifier octylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)-ethanol) did not enhance the rate. The conversion after 12 hr at 60 °C with potassium octadecanoate was 69 % whereas with sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate it was only 29 % (Fig. 2). 

It thus seems that sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium tetrapropylene benzene sulfonate, and potassium octadecanoate do accelerate the thermal initiation reaction of styrene but that Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate do not although the latter is effective in accelerating thermal initiation of alkyl methacrylates (3 ). ... 

Anionic Sodium stearate Sodium oleate Sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate Cationic... 

Materials. The studies reported here have been made with monoiso-meric sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate and sodium decyl sulfonate prepared by Professor E. J. Eisenbraun of Oklahoma State University. The sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate was a commercial sample purchased from Research Organic/Research Inorganic Chemical Corp. All materials used for background solutions were prepared from reagent grade materials, and the water was distilled from permanganate. Solutions were prepared on a mass basis with corrections for buoyancy. 

Huang, W.N. X. Sun. Adhesive properties of soy proteins modified by sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate./. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 2000b, 77, 705-708. 

Ion flotation in the presence of surfactants for the treatment of rinses and separation of metal ions is of interest since the sixties [327, 328]. Here, we take only a few examples. The recovery of silver ions from highly diluted solutions is possible by forming a silver-thiourea complex in form of a colloidal precipitate (sublate) followed by sublate flotation with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate [329]. Skiylev [330] has developed methods for the removal of non-ferrous metal salts from waste waters. Subject of the investigations were 0.01 - 0.001% solutions of ferrous metal salts. Typical anionic surfactants (alkyl sulfates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl xanthogenates of potassium) or cationic surfactants (quaternary ammonium salts) were used as collectors in ion flotation from diluted solutions. At certain pH, a sublate containing a non-ferrous metal ion was formed, followed by a sublate film formation at the surface due to the rise of the complexes with air bubbles stabilised by the surfactants. 

Nonionic and small molecular emulsifiers such as poly(vinyl alcohol), polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and sodium lauryl sulfate can also be employed to make amino resin-type microcapsules. 

The types of surfactants used in an emulsion polymerization span the entire range of anionic, cationic, and nonionic species. The most commonly used soaps are alkyl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate [151-21-3], alkylaryl sulfates such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate [25155-30-0], and alkyl or aryl polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants (87,101-104). Product stability and particle size control are the driving forces which determine the types of surfactants employed mixtures of nonionic and anionic surfactants are commonly used to achieve these goals (105-108). 

An example of noncovalent functionalization is the use of anionic surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (NaDDBS) to reduce aggregation of carbon nanotubes in water (Sahoo et al. 2010). 

SDBS sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate NaLS sodium lauryl sulfate Wq [H20]/[surfactant]... 

Use of surfactants is an effective way for dispersing CNTs [39]. Reports show that the outer most nanotubes in a bundle are treated more than the innermost tubes and the nanotube remains predominantly btmdled even after surfactant treatment. But mechanical methods like ultrasonication can debundle the nanotubes by steric or electrostatic repulsions [40]. On sonication the high local shear will unravel the outer carbon nanotubes in a bundle and expose other sites for additional surfactant adsorption, thus the surfactant molecules gradually exfoliate the bundle in an unzippering mechanism [41]. Some of the common surfactants used for the dispersion of carbon nanotubes are sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) [42], dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) [43], hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) [44], octylphenol ethoxylate (Triton X-100) [45] and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) [46]. Covalent modification is another way to solubilize the CNTs in different solvents and to improve the interaction with the matrix in composites [47]. 

Sulfonated surfactants are also powerful protease deactivators [67]. The presence of the sulfonate group on benzene makes sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, also called LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate), more surface active than SDS. As a result, LAS is an even more efficient denaturant than SDS [27] and alcohol ethoxy sulfates [32]. For instance, in a 0.02% LAS solution, the activity of the protease from Bacillus stearothermophilus is reduced to 20% of its value in water [68]. Likewise, the subtilisin saturation by surfactants at pH 7.4 has been reported to occur at surfactant to enzyme ratios (w/w) of 6.3 (SDS) and 3.2 (LAS) [69]. 

Surfactants are those molecules that comprise both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups simultaneously. The hydrophilic groups can be either ionic (e.g., -SOj, -SO3, -COOH, and -N(CHsIj) or nonionic (e.g., -0-(CH2-CH2-0) -H). As to the hydrophobic groups, the most widely used ones are the alkyl chains (-C H2 +i) and arakyl chains (-C H2 +i-C6H4-). Representative surfactants include anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, sodium stearate, cationic hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and nonionic i-octophenol polyethoxylate with an average of 40 monomeric units of ethylene oxide per molecule. Such amphoteric species tend to diffuse toward the interface between the oily and aqueous phases and reside therein. 

Anionic surfactants are the primary ingredient in many types of cleaning products, including heavy-duty laundry detergents. Examples of these surfactants are sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SEES), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate... 

Vale, H.M. and Mckenna, T.R 2005. Adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene-sulfonate on poly(vinyl chloride) latexes. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 268 68-72. 

Similarly to quantitative determination of high surfactant concentrations, many alternative methods have been proposed for the quantitative determination of low surfactant concentrations. Tsuji et al. [270] developed a potentio-metric method for the microdetermination of anionic surfactants that was applied to the analysis of 5-100 ppm of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1-10 ppm of sodium dodecyl ether (2.9 EO) sulfate. This method is based on the inhibitory effect of anionic surfactants on the enzyme system cholinesterase-butyryl-thiocholine iodide. A constant current is applied across two platinum plate electrodes immersed in a solution containing butyrylthiocholine and surfactant. Since cholinesterase produces enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate, the decrease in the initial velocity of the hydrolysis caused by the surfactant corresponds to its concentration. Amounts up to 60 pg of alcohol sulfate can be spectrometrically determined with acridine orange by extraction of the ion pair with a mixture 3 1 (v/v) of benzene/methyl isobutyl ketone [271]. 

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