Orange, Acridine

Merck Index Number Not listed Chemical/Dye Class Acridine 

Physical Form Burnt orange to brick-red powder 

Solubility Soluble in water, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide 

Staining Applications Lysosomes Golgi apparatus acidic compartments secretory granules (SGs) synap-tic-like microvesicles (SLMVs) ° liposomes acidic organelle membranes bacteria bacterial endo-spores apoptotic ceUs blood smears nucleic acids cells malignant musculoskeletal tumors micronucleus microorganisms nuclei peptides proteins antibodies parasites sperms  

Biological Applications Detecting cancer cells, spores, human papilloma virus (HPV), stress biomar-kers treating amyloid associated diseases, lupus, pathogen infections apoptosis assays cytotoxicity assays  

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Acridine orange hydrochloride Ethanol 0.54 Quinine sulfate 0.58 Anthracene... 

Friedlander synthesis, 2, 445 Acridine-1,8-diones, hexahydro-synthesis, 2, 482 Acridine Orange colour and constitution, 1, 346 nucleic acid stain, 1, 179... 

Acridine orange weak yellow-green yellow 8.0... 10.0... 

Aromatic macrocycles, flat hydrophobic molecules composed of fused, heterocyclic rings, such as ethidium bromide, acridine orange, and actinomycin D... 

Similarly to quantitative determination of high surfactant concentrations, many alternative methods have been proposed for the quantitative determination of low surfactant concentrations. Tsuji et al. [270] developed a potentio-metric method for the microdetermination of anionic surfactants that was applied to the analysis of 5-100 ppm of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1-10 ppm of sodium dodecyl ether (2.9 EO) sulfate. This method is based on the inhibitory effect of anionic surfactants on the enzyme system cholinesterase-butyryl-thiocholine iodide. A constant current is applied across two platinum plate electrodes immersed in a solution containing butyrylthiocholine and surfactant. Since cholinesterase produces enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate, the decrease in the initial velocity of the hydrolysis caused by the surfactant corresponds to its concentration. Amounts up to 60 pg of alcohol sulfate can be spectrometrically determined with acridine orange by extraction of the ion pair with a mixture 3 1 (v/v) of benzene/methyl isobutyl ketone [271]. 

Another morphological assay of apoptosis is done with acridine orange, a nuclear staining that reveals chromatin condensation under light and fluorescent microscope. 

Dipping solution Dissolve 0.02 g acridine orange (Basic Orange 14, C.I. 46005) in 100 ml ethanol [3]. 

Spray solution Dissolve 0.05 g acridine orange in 100 ml ethanol [1, 2]. 

Acridine orange changes its fluorescence color from pale yellow-green to yellow in a specific pH range (pH 8-10) [1, 4]. 

Acridine orange yellow-green red-violet yellow-green ted... 

Acridine orange, pH-dependent change of fluorescence color 91 Activation of the layer 124ff. N-Acylglycine conjugates 176 ADB = 2-amino-2, 5-dichlorobenzophe-none 227... 

It had been found that if bacteria are stained with acridine orange and examined under fluorescent microscopy, viable, as dishnct from dead, cells fluoresce with an orange-led hue. This basic observation has been adapted to an ingenious method of determining bacterial content and may be completed within 1 hour. 

Solubilization of an active H,K-ATPase is also a prerequisite for reconstitution of the enzyme into liposomes. With these H,K-ATPase proteoliposomes it is then possible to study the transport characteristics of pure H,K-ATPase, without the interference of residual protein contamination that is usually present in native vesicular H,K-ATPase preparations. Rabon et al. [118] first reported the reconstitution of choleate or n-octylglucoside solubilized H,K-ATPase into phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol liposomes. The enzyme was reconstituted asymmetrically into the proteoliposomes with 70% of the pump molecules having the cytoplasmic side extravesicular. In the presence of intravesicular K, the proteoliposomes exhibited an Mg-ATP-dependent H transport, as monitored by acridine orange fluorescence quenching. Moreover, as seen with native H,K-ATPase vesicles, reconstituted H,K-... 

The pH indicator shows the acid or basic properties of sample molecnles. Commonly used for acid indicating are solutions of bromocresol green (20 mg dissolved in 10 ml of ethanol combined with 1 ml of 0.1-molar aqueous NaOH) or bromophenol blue (20 mg dissolved in 10 ml of ethanol, pH-adjusted with 0.1-molar NaOH or 0.2% aqneous citric acid). In the presence of acids, 2,6-dichloroindophenol (40 mg dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol) changes the color from blue to red. The fluorescent dye acridine orange (20 mg dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol) changes pH-dependently the color of its flnorescence from yellow-green to yellow. 

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