Societal aspects

Of interest here are the possible synthesis of elastomers in environmentally friendly solvents, and the understanding and exploitation of biosynthetic techniques [222]. Another environmental goal is recyclability [223, 224]. Other topics much in the news currently are the improvement of safety aspects of tires (with an emphasis on more reliable bonding to tire cords), and better barrier properties in anti-terrorism protective clothing. Educational topics include curriculum development, and mobile laboratories for elastomer experiments and demonstrations [11]. 

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Site characterization studies include a surface-based testing program, potential environmental impact, and societal aspects of the repository. Performance assessment considers both the engineered barriers and the geologic environment. Among features being studied are the normal water flow, some release of carbon-14, and abnormal events such as volcanic activity and human intmsion. The expected date for operation of the repository is 2013. 

The accepted risk is a risk inferior to a level defined in advance either by law, technical, economical, or ethical considerations. The risk analysis, as it will be described in the following sections, has essentially a technical orientation. The minimal requirement is that the process fulfils requirements by the local laws and that the risk analysis is carried out by an experienced team using recognized methods and risk-reducing measures that conform to the state of the art It is obvious that non-technical aspects may also be involved in the risk acceptation criteria. These aspects should also cover societal aspects, that is, a risk-benefit analysis should be performed... 

Hie quantitative estimate of the risk is tlie principal interest to tlie regulatory agency or risk manager making a decision. The risk manager must consider tlie results of tlie risk cliaracterization when evaluating tlie economics, societal aspects, and various benefits of the assessment. Factors such as societal pressure, technical uncertainties, and severity of tlie potential hazard influence how the decision makers respond to the risk assessment. As one iniglit suppose, there is room for improvement in this step of tlie risk assessment. ... 

Kuiper HA, Konig A, Kleter GA, Hammes WP, and Knud-sen I (2004) Safety assessment, detection and traceability, and societal aspects of genetically modified foods. European Network on Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Eood Crops (ENTRANSFOOD). Concluding remarks. Food and Chemical Toxicology 42(7) 1195-1202 (review). 

Promoting the inclusion of philosophical perspectives in the chemistry curriculum suggests a departure from common approaches, and hence offers a new perspective for future curriculum development efforts. Conventional approaches in curriculum design have typically included emphases on content knowledge (e.g. problem-solving in the context of substances, atomic structure and chemical reactions) or societal aspects of chemistry (e.g. effects of chemical pollution on the environment) in the writing of instructional activities. Numerous curriculum reform efforts have been based on these approaches. 

Learn about the real-worid societal aspects of your research field know the big picture. It is not enough to know how to solve a research problem to be successful at the faculty level you need to be able to state convincingly why the problem is one worth solving. Know what is worth doing as a researcher in your field, and be able to present the case for it, verbally and in writing."... 

G. Slapper (1999) Blood in the Bank Legal and Societal Aspects of Workplace Deaths (London Ashworth). 

There are concerns about sustainability and social impacts (Miemczyk 2008). It leads to a challenge in finding out a way to balance economic and non-economic factors. This research aims to help decision makers consider decision factors to provide a product recoveiy decision support for long-term benefits. Decision criteria for product recoveiy option selection in economic and societal aspects were presented in Sect. 3. They are classified and sorted covering economic and environmental factors in a decision criteria factors list. The decision criteria fiom this study can be further utilized. Closing remarks and future work are described in Sect. 4 finally. 

A number of these clinicians and scientists merit added acknowledgment for their contributions to the broader clinical, regulatory, and societal aspects of lead beyond their many scientific contributions. Of particular note for such recognition are the late Clair Patterson and Herbert L. Needleman. Also to be recognized are the multiple contributions of the late Julian J. Chisolm, Jr., Lester D. Grant, Bruce Lanphear, the late Kathryn R. Mahaffey, John F. Rosen, Joel Schwartz, and Ellen K. SUbergeld. 

The most useful modality for dealing with the societal aspects of opiate abuse (as well as some of the medical and personal aspects) has been methadone maintenance. In consideration of the pharmacology of opiate dependence 4,17,45,58,87,88,131,140,172,185 Dole and Nyswander 51 proposed that maintenance of opiate addicts on relatively large doses of oral methadone would inhibit drug seeking behavior, "block" the subjective effects of parenteral heroin injection because of the tolerance induced, break the needle habit because of lack of reinforcement by this route, and make the addict more available for psychiatric treatment and rehabilitation, breaking the cycle of crime and punishment. Methadone maintenance has been... 

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