Abnormal events

Site characterization studies include a surface-based testing program, potential environmental impact, and societal aspects of the repository. Performance assessment considers both the engineered barriers and the geologic environment. Among features being studied are the normal water flow, some release of carbon-14, and abnormal events such as volcanic activity and human intmsion. The expected date for operation of the repository is 2013. 

Contingency - An abnormal event which is the cause of an emergency condition. 

Single Contingency - A single abnormal event causing an emergency. 

PR5) in rate in reboiler outside operator abnormal event adjust rates of... 

The VDUs (visual display units) in both control rooms were under-utilized for response to and control of abnormal events, in comparison to other industries. The control room computer had the capability to give the technicians considerable flexibility and power in controlling both productivity and safety factors offshore. However, this power was not utilized. 

Data collection is steered by a program that searches the run database for the first pending task. The parameters for this task are then loaded and the appropriate data collection process is invoked. When the task is complete the task manager looks for further pending tasks. This loop continues until there are no more tasks pending or until some abnormal event (such as a collision) terminates data collection. 

Many years later in Singapore, we were using a specially formulated thermally conductive glue to fix the overtemperature sensing thermistor smack on to the very plastic body of the TO-220 power transistor. We had empirically ascertained that in this way, the junction temperature and the adjacent temperature as seen by the thermistor were less than 10°C apart, even during an abnormal event. So if, for example, we wanted to have the transistor turned off just before it hit 150°C, we simply needed to set the trip temperature (of the thermistor-based circuit) at about 140°C. In that way, we could also be sure that we wouldn t encounter nuisance tripping on a particularly hot day, when the temperature inside the enclosure would also be much higher. 

Possible causes of uncontrolled reactions associated with heat-generating mixing or physical processing operations include abnormal events such as the following ... 

Since exposure of a spontaneously combustible material to air has obvious consequences, loss of containment or other means of air exposure is usually the most important issue regarding what can go wrong. It should be noted that pyrophoric materials often exhibit one or more other reactivity hazards as well, such as water reactivity. Possible causes of uncontrolled reactions associated with pyrophoric and other spontaneously combustible materials include abnormal events such as the following ... 

Procedures for abnormal events need to be followed and reasons explained. 

An important consequence of MSPC in the context of this chapter is that it is a key tool in the development of process understanding [157]. These references also illustrate the utility of multivariate control charts in identifying abnormal events and how these can then be used to aid understanding of the underlying fault conditions. It has to be said that most literature examples apply to batch processes, but the principles are equally applicable to continuous processes. 

The International Classification of Sleep Disorders lists 88 types, with insomnia the most prominent symptom for many of these (17). Chronic insomnia is the most common sleep problem for which patients consult practitioners (18) and usually reflects psychological/ behavioral disturbances ( 19). Differences in treatment recommendations support the distinction between DSM-IV and the International Classification for Sleep Disorders ( 20). The DSM-IV divides primary disorders into two major groups the dyssomnias (in which the predominant disturbance is the amount, quality, or timing of sleep) and the parasomnias (in which the predominant disturbance is an abnormal event occurring during sleep) (7). 

This group of disorders is characterized by the occurrence of an abnormal event during sleep, specific sleep stages, or the threshold between sleep and wakefulness. These conditions usually involve complaints focused on the abnormal occurrence itself rather than any effect it might have on sleep. Parasomnias include the following ... 

The psychosocial impact of a disaster and the resources that will be needed to respond to the disaster can be estimated based on data from past experiences with a variety of natural and man-made disasters. Normal reactions to abnormal events include a range of distressing... 

SPEiimit are violated, a search to investigate the underlying cause is initiated. The proposed strategy, thereby, is responsible for detecting the abnormal events, isolate the sensors being affected by its consequences, and differentiate between sensor failures or process upsets. If there is a sensor malfunction, the algorithm minimizes Eq. 7.17 so as to provide reconstructed values. After processing all the test data, results tabulated... 

Based on the above formulations, the collaborative control can be modeled as a message-based simulation, as shown in Figure 11. The control process is driven by an event and/or an abnormal event, such as machine breakdown or a new due date. All events can be represented as messages. 

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