Therapeutic action

Compressed Tablets. This popular type of dosage form offers convenience, stabiUty, accuracy and precision, and good bioavadabihty of active ingredients. After the best formulation has been estabflshed, compressed tablets can be manufactured at high rates of speed on advanced equipment. Tablets can be made to achieve rapid dmg release or to produce delayed, repeat, or prolonged therapeutic action (Controlled release technology, pharmaceutical). ... 

Buspirone. Buspirone (3) hydrochloride has been approved for the symptomatic management of generali2ed anxiety disorder (Table 3). This dmg is of special iaterest because it does not exert its therapeutic actions via modulation of the GABA receptor complex. This compound is stmcturaHy... 

Future Outlook for Antidepressants. Third-generation antidepressants are expected to combine superior efficacy and improved safety, but are unlikely to reduce the onset of therapeutic action in depressed patients (179). Many dmgs in clinical development as antidepressive agents focus on estabhshed properties such as inhibition of serotonin, dopamine, and/or noradrenaline reuptake, agonistic or antagonistic action at various serotonin receptor subtypes, presynaptic tt2-adrenoceptor antagonism, or specific monoamine—oxidase type A inhibition. Examples include buspirone (3) (only... 

Grace AA, Bunney BS, Moore H, Todd CL (1997) Dopamine-cell depolarization block as a model for the therapeutic actions of antipsychotic drugs. TINS 20 31-37... 

Emetogenic drugs may be of value in treating cases of acute poisoning but usually nausea and vomiting induced by a drag are unwanted effects occurring in addition to its therapeutic action. 

TABLE 3.2 Important Therapeutic Targets of Opportunity Therapeutic Action... 

Extensive investigations have been performed related to the synthesis of new adamantane derivatives with better therapeutic actions and less adverse effects. For example, it has been proved that adamantylamino-pyrimidines and -pyridines are strong stimulants of mmor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) [132]. TNF is a substance that can improve the body s namral response to cancer by killing cancer cells. Another example is 1,6-diaminodiamantane [87], which possesses an antitumor and antibacterial activity. Also, many derivatives of aminoadamantanes have antiviral activity like 3-(2-adamantyl) pyrolidines with two pharmacophoric amine groups, which have antiviral activity against influenza-A virus [133]. 

The adverse side-effects of the TCAs, coupled with their toxicity in overdose, provoked a search for compounds which retained their monoamine uptake blocking activity but which lacked the side-effects arising from interactions with Hj, aj-adreno-ceptors and muscarinic receptors. One of the first compounds to emerge from this effort was iprindole, which has an indole nucleus (Fig. 20.3). This turned out to be an interesting compound because it has no apparent effects on monoamine uptake and is not a MAO inhibitor. This, together with its relatively minor antimuscarinic effects, led to it commonly being described as an atypical antidepressant. Mechanisms that could underlie its therapeutic actions have still not been identified but, in any case, this drug has now been withdrawn in the UK. 

In the late 1940s a reaction against this idea of a dental material took place. Increasing attention was paid to problems of compatibility between the restoration and the tooth. We now believe that a restorative should be at one with the tooth material in all respects. It should possess identical properties. Its thermal characteristics should be the same as those of the tooth and its appearance should match that of the enamel. It should provide some therapeutic action. In fact, a restorative material should no longer be regarded as a filling but as an enamel or dentine substitute . 

They are extensively used for temporary cementation of crowns and as temporary filling materials because of their therapeutic action. It is claimed that when strengthened some can be used for permanent cementation or as an intermediate restoration, that is a restoration that has a life somewhat greater than a temporary filling material. 

Dallegri, F., Ottonello, L., Ballestrero, F., Ferrando, F. and Patrone, F. (1990). Cytoprotection against neutrophil derived hypochlorous acid a potential mechanism for the therapeutic action of 5-aminosalisylic acid in ulcerative colitis. Gut 31, 184-186. 

The therapeutic action of 3-adrenergic receptor blockers such as propranolol in angina pectoris is believed to be primarily the result of... 

Strange, P. G. Antipsychotic drugs importance of dopamine receptors for mechanisms of therapeutic actions and side effects. Pharmacol. Rev. 53 119-133, 2001. 

Wiseman H, Smith C, Halliwell B, Cannon M, Arnstein HR, Lennard MS (1992b) Droloxifene (3-hydroxytamoxifen) has membrane antioxidant ability potential relevance to its mechanism of therapeutic action in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 66(1) 61—68... 

The mechanism of diethyxime therapeutic action on the neuromuscular conduction in poisonings with anti-cholinesterase... 

A few drugs depend for their therapeutic action upon light activation. Included in this review are dithranol, which has been suggested to exert its antipsoriatic action in this way, and the psoralens, which have long been used in combination with sunbathing to treat various skin conditions and now are also used against surface cancers. 

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