Site assessment

For other CERCLA sites the proeess ean be very different from the typieal DOE site. The proeess may start with various phases of site assessments. The intermediate step may be a pilot study, followed by a pilot plant operation, or possibly a removal aetion or other alternative. The final steps may vary widely. However, just as in DOE sites, the appropriate rule or requirement depends on the site-speeifie faeility or operation, the assoeiated hazards, and the potential for worker exposure to the hazards. For the Army Corps of Engineers eleanup or oversight, the rules will most likely be even more stringent than for OSHA or DOE. 

Site assessment activities are focused on collecting only tliat iiifomiatioii that is necessary to make risk-based corrective action decisions... 

Site Assessment and Construction 1344. Environmental Concerns While in Operation 1352. 

Enterostomy tube site assessment Daily Daily... 

Table 5.3 may be used in conjunction with the estimate of blast overpressure contours discussed previously to conduct a qualitative site assessment for the design and siting of buildings in process plants. 

Soil contamination was not perceived as a problem until the 1970s, when incidents in the U.S. and Europe (Love Canal, NY Times Beach, MO Lekkerkerk, the Netherlands) awakened public awareness about the serious threats posed to human health and the environment by abandoned or improperly managed hazardous wastes. In response to the growing public concern, the U.S., the Netherlands, and a number of other European countries started a systematic effort beginning in 1980 to identify potentially contaminated sites, assess the level of contamination, establish priorities for remediation based on risk assessment studies and gradually implement the required remedial actions. 

In 1980, Congress passed the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). Commonly known as Superfund, the program under this law is focused on the remediation of abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Since 1980, Superfund has assessed nearly 44,400 sites. To date, 33,100 sites have been removed from the Superfund inventory to aid their economic redevelopment, and 11,300 sites remain active with the site assessment program or are included in the National Priorities List (NPL) for the implementation of remedial actions. By September 2000, 1509 sites were included in the NPL with ongoing or completed cleanup activities. 

U.S. EPA, Expedited Site Assessment Tools for Underground Storage Tank Sites A Guide for Regulators, EPA 510-B-97-001, U.S. EPA, Washington, 1997. 

Site assessment and aquifer characterization are required to determine the suitability of a site for wastewater injection. 

Tetres Consultants Inc. 2009. Environmental Site Assessment for EL-Mine Site, Lynn Lake, Manitoba. Report to Manitoba Mines Branch, Winnipeg. 

POWER PLANT SITING ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY. (1978) (Sponsor Electric Power Research Institute)... 

Testa, S. M. and Townsend, D. S., 1990, Environmental Site Assessments in Conjunction with Redevelopment of Oil-Field Properties within the California Regulatory Framework In Proceedings of the National Water Well Association of Groundwater Scientists and Engineers Cluster of Conferences. 

The double-reciprocal Langmuir model has been extensively used in site assessment projects for elemental adsorption data. The double-reciprocal Langmuir is an adaptation of the traditional equation for elemental sorption of solid phases exhibiting two primary adsorbing surface sites. The double-reciprocal Langmuir model is as follows ... 

Huang N, Jacobson MP (2010) Binding-site assessment by virtual fragment screening. PloS One 5 el0109... 

The NVLAP is comprised of a series of laboratory accreditation programs (LAPs), depending on what is requested and what is needed. Each LAP includes specific calibration and/or test standards and related methods and protocols assembled to satisfy the unique needs for accreditation in a field of testing or calibration. NVLAP accredits public and private laboratories based on evaluation of their technical qualifications and competence to carry out specific calibrations or tests. All are based on the ISO/IEC Guide 25 discussed in Section 2. The process involves an application and the payment of fees. This is followed by an on-site assessment. If deficiencies are found, these must be resolved to the satisfaction of the assessment team. The laboratory then participates in proficiency testing (Section 5.7) and a technical evaluation. 

Other site-specific requirements as identified in the initial site assessment (i.e., presence of contaminants or debris) (D109308, p. 2 D18976I, p. 5)... 

The program consisted of an indepth monitoring and site assessment of firms known to be using cadmium. Site assessment included a review of process operations which used cadmium, pretreatment capabilities, wastewater discharge analysis, and hazardous waste management techniques. 

The USEPA has estimated that the market value for remediation of non-federal facilities is 6.7 billion (1996 dollars). This estimated cost does not include costs for site assessment and studies, design, operation and maintenance, long-term responses, site management, administrative cost, other agency support, oversight of potentially responsible parties (PRPs), and enforcement activities. The estimate was based on the assumption that PRPs will be responsible for at least 70% of the cost. 

As discussed in Chapter 2.2.2 a broad range of criteria have to be considered if an in-depth assessment of individual sites is required. In practice matters are further complicated by the fact that the majority of sites host plants from multiple value chains. In this chapter a uniform decision support tool is developed to ensure consistent evaluations in all instances requiring site assessments. To this end Chapter 4.1 introduces the field of Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Two different families of tools that could be applied to the decision problem at hand are discussed in greater detail in Chapters 4.2 and 4.3 respectively. As the use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for multiple criteria decision problems has been proposed in literature, too, the method is introduced in Chapter 4.4. An evaluation model for specialty chemicals production sites developed in cooperation with the industrial partner is presented in Chapter 4.5 and insights from application case studies are reported. 

Hwang and Yoon (1981, pp. 8-9) developed the classification of MADA methods shown in Figure 24. It is based on the type and quality of information available on decision makers preferences. The tools most suitable for site assessments belong to the subset of tools that work with cardinal preference information. Major methods from within this subset will be introduced below while the reader is referred to Hwang and Yoon (1981) for the other types of MADA tools. 

In the course of this work a site assessment model was developed together with the industrial partner cooperating in the research effort. Attained insights are provided in this chapter in a generalized form to preserve confidentiality. 

The objective was to develop a site assessment model based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process that can be used both for site selection and site ranking/controlling purposes. While the different application situations to some extent require different criteria the intention was to develop a model as uniform as possible to achieve consistency in site strategy processes. 

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