Mine sites

World consumption of potassium salts presentiy exceeds 28 million t of K O equivalent per year. About 93% of that is for fertilizer use (see POTASSIUM compounds). The potash [17353-70-7] industry is essentially a mining and beneftciation industry. The two main fertilizer materials, KCl and K SO are produced by beneftciating ores at the mine sites. The upgraded salts then are shipped to distributors and manufacturers of mixed goods. 

In the United States and increasingly in other parts of the world, environmental regulations prohibit the combustion of all but very low sulfur-content coals without sulfur oxide emission controls. The cost of installing sulfur oxide control equipment together with concern about equipment rehabihty have led to the shipment of the lower rank low sulfur coals from up to 1600 km away from the mining site. 

Hazards of Production. In most zinc mines, zinc is present as the sulfide and coexists with other minerals, especiaHy lead, copper, and cadmium. Therefore, the escape of zinc from mines and mills is accompanied by these other often more toxic materials. Mining and concentrating, usuaHy by flotations, does not present any unusual hazards to personnel. Atmospheric poHution is of Httle consequence at mine sites, but considerable effort is required to flocculate and settle fine ore particles, which would find their way into receiving waters. 

The source of Argentine production is an open-pit tincal mine at 4000 m above sea level. A modem plant is located near the mine site. Total production of sodium borates is approximately 200,000 metric tons per year (101). 

Although the nucleus of the uranium atom is relatively stable, it is radioactive, and will remain that way for many years. The half-life of U-238 is over 4.5 billion years the half-life of U-235 is over 700 million years. (Half-life refers to the amount of time it takes for one half of the radioactive material to undergo radioactive decay, turning into a more stable atom.) Because of uranium radiation, and to a lesser extent other radioactive elements such as radium and radon, uranium mineral deposits emit a finite quantity of radiation that require precautions to protect workers at the mining site. Gamma radiation is the... 

Bambic DG, Alpers CN, Green PG, Fanellid E, Silo WK (2006) Seasonal and spatial patterns of metals at a restored copper mine site. I. Stream copper and zinc. Environ Poll 144 774... 

Assume that without the proper use of reference samples in an exploration program, a site is purchased that is in fact barren. Hill (1974), for example, cites a 20 % added analytical cost for quality control and quality assurance. He further cites a possible cost of 220 million for purchasing and developing a mine site. The analytical expense for QA QC based on use of reference samples is trivial in comparison to the potential loss, if the analyses of exploration survey samples are faulty and the mine worthless as a result. 

Continued Efforts to Develop Practices to Protect the Environment such as Reforestation of old mine sites, Confinement of Tailings and Minimized Disruption and Contamination of Natural... 

Mining overburden. After an area of a surface mine has been depleted, it is common practice to return to the mine the earth and rocks (overburden) that were removed to gain access to ore deposits. When the material is returned to the mine site, it is not a hazardous waste under RCRA. 

In this study, we have tried to find a more comprehensive parameter related to coal reactivity, as represented hy conversion, hy liquefying several ranks of coals. These cover a wide range from lignite to bituminous coal. Also we have studied the difference of coal reactivity caused hy the mining sites in Australian brown coal mines. Selected coals from a wide range of rank are located in the coal hand shown in Fig.2. The resulting parameters are compared with other parameters reported hy other researchers (2, 3.) ... 

In roadside soils, lead was present in the more soluble forms such as PbCIBr and PbS04 from automobile emissions compared to soils near smelters or in mining sites (Adriano, 2001), which contained oxides, sulfides and carbonates (galena, anglesite and cerussite) with low solubility. However, after oxidation of sulfide into sulfate, the soils became very acidic, resulting in the increase in both solubility and bioavailability of the trace metals. 

Yes, Braus said, he had sent on the weekly reports to Buetefisch. Sometimes he reported in person, too. There were other meetings, called "coal conferences," which both Buetefisch and Ambros attended on the site, and that was how both men were "always informed" about the procurement of inmates for Fuerstengrube and knew how they were treated at the mine site. 

Southeastern Missouri, Big River Upstream from mine site ... 

Henny, C.J., L.J. Blus, D.J. Hoffman, R.A. Grove, and J.S. Hatfield. 1991. Lead accumulation and osprey production near a mining site on the Coeur d Alene River, Idaho. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 21 415-424. 

World molybdenum production has increased from about 90 metric tons in 1900 — half from Australia and Norway, half from the United States — to 136 tons in 1906, 1364 in 1932 (an order of magnitude increase in 26 years), 10,909 in 1946, and 91,000 tons in 1973. Through the years, molybdenum has been produced in about 30 countries. In 1973, about 60% of the worldwide production was from the United States, 15% from Canada, 15% from the U.S.S.R. and China combined, and 10% from other nations — Chile, Japan, Korea, Norway, and Mexico (King et al. 1973). By 1979, the United States produced about 62% of the world production of 103,000 metric tons, and exported about half, chiefly to western Europe and Japan other major producers in 1979 were Canada, Chile, and the U.S.S.R. (Kummer 1980). In the United States, only three mines in Colorado account for almost 70% of domestic production. Other active molybdenum mining sites in North America are in Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and California molybdenum reserves have also been proven in Idaho, Alaska, Pennsylvania, and British Columbia (Kummer 1980). About 65% of domestic molybdenum is recovered from ores rich in molybdenum the rest is a byproduct from ores of copper, tungsten, and uranium (Chappell et al. 1979). 

Aqueous geochemistry of Pit Lake at EL mine site, Manitoba, Canada Implications for site remediation. 

Tetres Consultants Inc. 2009. Environmental Site Assessment for EL-Mine Site, Lynn Lake, Manitoba. Report to Manitoba Mines Branch, Winnipeg. 

Secondary mineralization at Mount Keith produces hydromagnesite, while mineralization at Diavik includes carbonates of Mg, Ca and Na nesquehonite, calcite, vaterite, natrite, thermonatrite, natron, trona, gaylussite and northupite. The rate of carbon mineralization at the two mine sites was assessed using quantitative powder X-ray diffraction analysis and the Rietveld... 

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