Similarity Subject

Coal-tar pitch for other uses is similarly subject to a few national specifications but mainly sold to users specifications. Pitch intended for roofing, dampproofing, and waterproofing is the subject of ASTM specification D450 and Federal specification R-P-381 hot-appHed tar-based coatings (pipeline enamels) are the subject of BSS 4164/1987, amended in 1988, and, in the United States, of American Water Works Association (AWWA) specification C203. 

The intramolecular Michael addition of an achiral metal enolate is similarly subject to simple diastereoselection. 

The manuf of NC is similar in that it involves the same nitrating acids as used for TNT, but used to treat cotton linters or wood pulp (raw cellulose) in a series of vats and reactors similar to the ones used for TNT. The crude NC is similarly subjected to a series of w and aq soln washes until it is finally delivered as a purified, fibrous mat — ordinarily wet with w or ale for safety. Again, there are major wastewater streams laden with spent reagents and extracted impurities... 

In a summary of the human abuse literature on anorectic phenylethylamines, Griffiths et al. (1979) found there was a good correlation between the results of self-administration studies in animals and information about the subjective effects and abuse in man. Specifically, amphetamine, diethyl-propion, and phenmetrazine have been associated with numerous clinical case reports involving abuse, and these three compounds as well as benz-phetamine and /-ephedrine have shown similar subjective effects in drug abuser populations (Griffiths et al. 1979). In addition, fenfluramine was associated with low incidence of abuse in humans and did not maintain self-injection responding in animals. Chlorphentermine was similarly associated with low incidence of abuse in man, but did not maintain selfinjection uniformly in animals (Griffiths et al. 1979). 

The chapter Electron Spin Resonance in Catalysis by Lunsford was prompted by the extensive activity in this field since the publication of an article on a similar subject in Volume 12 of this serial publication. This chapter is limited to paramagnetic species that are reasonably well defined by means of their spectra. It contains applications of ESR technique to the study of adsorbed atoms and molecules, and also to the evaluation of surface effects. The application of ESR to the determination of the state of transition metal ions in catalytic reactions is also discussed. 

Khat produces effects similar to those of other monoamine stimulants, (i.e., increases in mental stimulation, physical endurance, elevated mood) (Widler etal. 1994 Kalix 1994 Brenneisen etal. 1990). Stimulus generalization occurs between cathinone, amphetamine, and cocaine, suggesting similar subjective effects (Huang and Wilson 1986). Similar to other monoamine stimulants, cathinone causes dose-dependent reductions in eating and body weight (Islam et al. 1990 Zelger and Carlini 1980). Oral cathinone increases sexual arousal in rats, but does not affect erectile or ejaculatory responses (Taha et al. 1995). 

Although they apparently differ in their mechanisms of action, ibotenic acid and muscimol apparently produce a qualitatively similar subjective and behavioral state (Schultes and Hofman 1980, 1992). However, muscimol is approximately 5 times as potent as ibotenic acid. Vegetative functions do not appear to be grossly affected at usual doses. 

A minimal group size is difGcult to specify. Studies on similar subjects could be expected to give the least variability in results thus, dose-response information on relatively small groups of medically characterized subjects could provide a basis for extrapolating to essentially... 

An important article written in Russian415 on a similar subject as the present one, was unfortunately overlooked during the preparation of our manuscript. The article has since been published in English416). The main emphasis of the Russian article is on dynamic effects of inorganic molecules. 

In Chapter 7, we discussed the effect that disclosure of prior art genera and species would have on the novelty of a later claimed genera and species containing very similar subject matter. For example, we found that in certain cases, a prior art species could anticipate a later claimed genus. We also learned that an attempt to claim a... 

SFor another recent case with a similar subject and holding, see Ariad Pharmaceuticals v. Eli Lilly 2008-1248 (CAFC 2009). 

The material of the present book is intensified in comparison with earlier, similar subject, monographs [1-4], in the detailed description of the modern state of selection of ligands and the main synthetic methods (Chaps. 2 and 3) and the presence of data on the controlled synthesis of metal complexes (Chap. 4) and synthesis of selected groups of coordination compounds (Chap. 5). However, the chapters mentioned above contain a series of shortcomings, related to the incomplete elucidation of the enormous amount of reported data and the limited examination of... 

In a subsequent study, the impact of replacing one or both of the amide bonds with either a diacylhydrazine or a 1,3,4-oxadiazole was explored [36]. (fi)-Bromoallyl ethers were employed in the PI and Pi positions and similarly subjected to Suzuki conditions using the two aryl boronic acids that gave the most potent inhibitors in the previous study. Potent plasmepsin inhibitors were produced however, no real improvements in activity compared to the parent compound were observed (Scheme 5). The use of the preligand, [(f-Bu3)PH]BF4 [37], in combination with barium hydroxide was found beneficial although the yields were very low in these reactions. 

When benzylmagnesium chloride reacted with XIV, 1,1-C-dibenzyl-2,3 4,5-diisopropylidene-D-fructose (XXIX), was obtained,38 but a product analogous to XV was not observed. XXIX was similarly subjected to partial hydrolysis, and the structures of the hydrolytic products were deduced by similar reasoning. The rather complex nature of the hydrolysis products in the above studies suggests the desirability that the structures proposed by Ohle be examined more extensively by modern methods. 

A basic course on the topic of water and man or a similar subject is due as part of the introductory courses offered at colleges and universities. There are several aims ... 

As compared to all previous conceptual documents addressing similar subjects, the SMP has the following important peculiarities ... 

This chapter is focused on the reaction mechanisms of ET at OAV interfaces, and features recent developments of theories and methodologies. The reader is also referred to some excellent reviews [24-27] on the similar subject. This chapter does not cover photo-induced ET reactions, which are described in detail in the review of Fermfi and Lahtinen [26]. 

Similarly, subjects with light irides recovered accommodative function more rapidly. Overall, Paremyd provided adequate dilation for the intense illumination of the binocular indirect ophthalmoscope in all study subjects, irrespective of iris pigmentation. Subjects also reported that Paremyd was more comfortable on initial instillation than the 0.5% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine combination. Paremyd is currently only available throngh compounding pharmacies. 

In fact, very similar subjective discomfort or clinical findings as well as virtually identical laboratory parameters are found. Genetic disposition is generally verifiable. There is gender-related frequency PBC and immune cholangitis are witnessed almost exclusively in women, PSC (almost) exclusively in men. (449,466)... 

There have been sporadic attempts to produce aluminum by carbothermic reduction [3, 4]. In this approach, akin to the way iron oxides are reduced to iron in the iron blast furnace, the consumption of electrical energy is avoided or at least reduced. There have also been investigations of the production of aluminum by electrolysis of aluminum compounds other than the oxide (e.g. [5]). Some of these alternative electrolytic technologies have even reached a commercial scale [6] but the only method for aluminum production in industrial use today appears to be electrolysis in Hall-Heroult cells. Consequently, the present paper is confined to these cells. The literature on these cells is large. A recent search of the web of science with the subject Hall cell and similar subjects revealed 79 titles aluminum electrolysis yielded 109 publications. This number excludes papers published in the annual Light Metals volume of the Minerals Metals and Materials Society (TMS). Light Metals contains approximately forty papers each year on Hall cells. Consequently, the authors have made no attempt at a comprehensive examination of the literature on these topics. Rather we have included... 

Carboxylic acids containing an SH group in the 2-position (e.g. HSCH CO H) are similarly subject to cyclization upon treatment with COClj [465] ... 

Ynamides also participate in radical cascade reactions. The Bu3SnH-mediated cyclization of 489 afforded tricylic amide 491 in 70% yield via the intermediacy of radical 490 (Scheme 85) (030L5095). Similarly, subjection of ynamide 492, in which the carbonyl group is no longer part of the radical acceptor, to the same... 

Arylidene butyrolactones were also accessible by addition of nucleophiles onto a Pd(II)-activated alkyne. Thus, the oxidative addition of Pd(0) to 617 in the presence of a base gave 618 in 70% yield (Scheme 102) (96T11463). The proposed mechanism of this reaction was suggested to involve an oxidative insertion of Pd(0) into the Ar-I bond to give the organopalladium species 619. A subsequent addition of the pendant carboxylate to the activated alkyne provides metallocycle 620 that undergoes reductive elimination to furnish 618. Similarly, subjecting 621 to the same reaction conditions produced 622 in 77% yield. 

We should also like to state, in conclusion, that for Appendix B, and some of the material in Chapter IX, we have made more than casual use of C. A. Coulson s chapter on re-Bonds in Physical Chemistry An Advanced Treatise, Vol. V Valency (H. Eyring, D. Henderson and W. Jost, Eds), Academic Press, New York, 1970, in which C.A.C. had discussed similar subject-matter. We are very grateful to the Editors for permission to do this. 

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