Self-administration studies

In a summary of the human abuse literature on anorectic phenylethylamines, Griffiths et al. (1979) found there was a good correlation between the results of self-administration studies in animals and information about the subjective effects and abuse in man. Specifically, amphetamine, diethyl-propion, and phenmetrazine have been associated with numerous clinical case reports involving abuse, and these three compounds as well as benz-phetamine and /-ephedrine have shown similar subjective effects in drug abuser populations (Griffiths et al. 1979). In addition, fenfluramine was associated with low incidence of abuse in humans and did not maintain self-injection responding in animals. Chlorphentermine was similarly associated with low incidence of abuse in man, but did not maintain selfinjection uniformly in animals (Griffiths et al. 1979). 

Foltin, R. W., The importance of drug self-administration studies in the analysis of abuse liability An analysis of caffeine, nicotine, anabolic steroids, and designer drugs. Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions (1990, Santa Monica, California). American Journal on Addictions Spr Vol 1(2), 139-149, 1992. 

More recent studies, 9 12 at dosages that produce behavioral changes, have shown that chronic intramuscular or Intraperltoneal administration of SNA results in development of tolerance to several test situations In several animal species. Tolerance to roughly 2-4 times as much SNA as initially given was evident in the behavioral effects of SNA In these species. Tolerance to SNA was also observed In intramuscular SNA self-administration studies In the monkey. In the development of tolerance, such pharmacologic factors as dose per injection, Injection frequency, and duration of chronic exposure were considered to play a more Important role than behavioral factors (e.g., reinforcement loss).9... 

Hayes, Robert, Jordon Spector, Eliot L. Gardner, Mark Froimowitz, Kuo-Ming Wu, Xinhe liu, William Paredes, Charles R. Ashby Jr., Marino Lepore, and Noboru Hiroi. 1998. "Slow-Onset, Long-Lasting Prodrugs as Potential Medications for Cocaine Addiction Intravenous Cocaine Self-Administration Studies." Society far Neuroscience Abstracts 24 2169. 

Self-administration studies can be initiated in one of two ways direct self-administration or substitution. In the direct self-administration procedure, inexperienced subjects are given access to a test drug, and the extent to which self-administration is initiated and maintained is measured and can be compared to the rate of behavior observed when placebo and/or other drugs are available. In the more commonly used substitution procedure, self-administration of a standard or prototypic abused drug is established first the test drug is then substituted for the standard drug, and changes in self-administration behavior are measured. 

Self-administration is predominantly used in the animal laboratory, although our review of the literature suggests that an increasing number of self-administration studies are being conducted with human volunteers. As more of the parameters are worked out, it is likely that human selfadministration studies will gain even wider use in abuse-liability assessment. 

Reinforcing Effects of Delta Opioid Agonists in Drug Self-Administration Studies... 

The basic parameters measured during self-administration studies are the number of infusions taken and the response rate (responses per second) per daily session. 

Therefore, self-administration studies do not provide any evidence for a specific role of DA in opiate reinforcement and on this basis it has been concluded that DA does not play a role in the reinforcing properties of opiates (Ettenberg et al., 1982 Pettit et al., 1984 Van Ree and Ramsey, 1987 Gerrits et al., 1994). 

Caine SB, Negus SS, Mello NK, Patel S, Bristow L, Kulagowski J, Vallone D, Saiardi A, Borrelli E (2002) Role of dopamine D2-like receptors in cocaine self-administration studies with D2 receptor mutant mice and novel... 

Ikemoto S (2003) Involvement of the olfactory tubercle in cocaine reward intracranial self-administration studies. J Neurosci 23(28) 9305-9311. 

An extremely important way to learn about drug use is self-administration studies. 

F Self-administration studies show that the drugs that animals take are similar to the ones subject to human abuse. Conversely, the drugs that animals tend not to self-administer are less prone to abuse by humans. 

Self-administration study A study that involves testing whether research participants will give themselves a drug (Chapter 5). 

Carney JM, Uwaydah IM, Balster RL (1977) Evaluation of a suspension system for intravenous self-administration studies of water-insoluble compounds in the rhesus monkey. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 7 357-364... 

Richardson N, Roberts D (1996) Progressive ratio schedules in drug self-administration studies in rats a method to evaluate reinforcing efficacy. J Neurosci Methods 66 1-11. 

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