Silicone surfactants Personal care

The unique surface characteristics of polysiloxanes mean that they are extensively used as surfactants. Silicone surfactants have been thoroughly studied and described in numerous articles. For an extensive, in-depth discussion of this subject, a recent chapter by Hill,476 and his introductory chapter in the monograph he later edited,477 are excellent references. In the latter monograph, many aspects of silicone surfactants are described in 12 chapters. In the introduction, Hill discusses the chemistry of silicone surfactants, surface activity, aggregation behavior of silicone surfactants in various media, and their key applications in polyurethane foam manufacture, in textile and fiber industry, in personal care, and in paint and coating industries. All this information (with 200 cited references) provides a broad background for the discussion of more specific issues covered in other chapters. Thus, surfactants based on silicone polyether co-polymers are surveyed.478 Novel siloxane surfactant structures,479 surface activity and aggregation phenomena,480 silicone surfactants application in the formation of polyurethane foam,481 foam control and... 

Floyd, D. T. Silicone Surfactants Applications in the Personal Care Industry. In Silicone Surfactants Hill, R. M., Ed. Surfactant Science... 

Industrially, silicone surfactants are used in a variety of processes including foam, textile, concrete and thermoplastic production, and applications include use as foam stabilisers, defoamers, emulsifiers, dispersants, wetters, adhesives, lubricants and release agents [1]. The ability of silicone surfactants to also function in organic media creates a unique niche for their use, such as in polyurethane foam manufacture and as additives to paints and oil-based formulations, whilst the ability to lower surface tension in aqueous solutions provides useful superwetting properties. The low biological risk associated with these compounds has also led to their use in cosmetics and personal care products [2]. 

Flow injection analysis (FIA) ESI-MS and APCI-MS spectra for an EO/PO polyether modified silicone surfactant (PEMS) used as a personal care product have been obtained in positive and negative ionisation modes with the positive ionisation mode yielding the best results [41]. The spectra obtained in both modes were highly complicated, and thus no assignment was given. Significant differences in the ionisation results were obtained from the two interfaces, with those ions observed in the ESI-MS spectrum appearing in the lower... 

An industrial blend of ethylene oxide (EO) PEMS marketed as a personal care product was examined by positive ion FIA-APCI-MS and LC-APCI-MS-MS (Fig. 2.8.8) [41]. The FIA-APCI-MS spectrum without LC separation (Fig. 2.8.8(a)) is dominated by ions corresponding to unreacted PEG (m/z 520, 564, 608, 652,...), whilst the ions corresponding to the PEMS (m/z 516, 560, 604, 648,...) could only be clearly observed following LC separation (Fig. 2.8.8(b)). Comparison of the TIC chromatograms of PEMS and PEG (Fig. 2.8.8(c) and (h)) demonstrates the dominance of the PEG by-products in the commercial formulation. It is unclear whether the observed relative intensities are representative of the actual amounts or of the different ionisation efficiencies, due to the confidential nature of the product composition. However, the spectra indicate a trisiloxane surfactant structure of that shown in Fig. 2.8.2 (R = Ac) and FIA-MS analysis of another commercial formulation of this product showed good spectra dominated by the silicone surfactants [48], indicating that the PEG by-product composition can vary significantly in commercially available PEMS formulations. 

No systematic studies of the use of silicone surfactants as emulsifiers have yet been published. Silicone polyoxyalkylene copolymers with relatively high molecular weight and a high proportion of silicone are effective water-in-silicone oil emulsifiers and a recent study of these copolymers suggests that they stabilize emulsions by a solid-particle mechanism [68]. This type of silicone surfactant has been used to prepare transparent water-in-oil emulsions (often with an active ingredient in the internal phase) for use as deodorants or antiperspirants as well as cosmetics and other personal care products. Their use as drug delivery vehicles has also been claimed. These copolymers can also be used to prepare multiple emulsions not requiring a two-pot process. 

Floyd, D.T. (1999) Silicone surfactants applications in the personal care industry. Surfactant Sci. Ser., 86, 181-207. 

Dow Corning . [Dow Coming Dow Coming France SA] Silicone compds. surfactants, release coatings, andfoaras, lubricants detackifier and plasticizer for hair fixative resins fix urethane foam, personal care ixods., industrial I ocessing. 

Abil . [Goldschmidt Ooldschmidt AG] Silicone conqrds. surfactants used in personal care prods. as foam fcmners, lubricants, glossers, refatting agents, conditioner, emollient, emulsifier. 

Fluid. [Dow Coming] Silicone fluid liq. dielectric, coolant antifoam, surfactant release agent water repellent to personal care prods., food A g. and processing, release of acrylics, phenolics and urethanes. 

Uses Surfactant, wetting agent, lubricant, detackifier, emulsifier, foam stabilizer, humectant, spreading agent, resin plasticizer for personal care prods, (hair fixatives, skin care, shave prods., shampoos), textiles, paints Properties Clear to straw liq. water-sol. below 73 C sol. in aromatic hydrocarbons, castor oil, 95% ethanol, 99% IPA, propylene glycol, octyidimethyl PABA sp.gr. 1.07 dens. 8.82 Ib/gal vise. 250-600 cSt flash pt. (CC) > 150 C surf. tens. 24.5 dynes/cm 100% silicone Use Level 0.5-3.0%... 

Uses Surfactant, detergent, emulsifier, leveling agent, intermediate in personal care prods., waxes, oils, textiles, scouring agents, dyes, household formulations, silicone emulsification, surfactants emollient in pharmaceutical topicals in food-contact textiles... 

The majority of silicone polymers/surfactants that are used in today s personal care industry are of the nonionic types. Since the derivatives of polysiloxanes could be ionic completely or partially, the properties exhibited by such compounds are different and therefore provide an entirely new range of properties and benefits. For example, cationic and amphoteric functional groups, because of increased substantivity on the hair surfaces and durable surface covering, provide antistatic effects. Polymethoxylsiloxanes modified with cationic and amphoteric groups provide both antistatic benefit as well as high gliding ability, which are very useful in personal care applications. ... 

Hill RM (Ed.), Silicone Surfactants Applications in Personal Care Industry, Surfactant Science Series, Vol. 89, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1999. 

Uses Detergent wetting agent solubilizer, emulsifier for oils, waxes, silicones, fats, soivs. surfactant Intermediate for personal care. Industrial applies. 

Uses Emulsifier, suspending agent for triglycerides, min. oil, and silicones surfactant for pharmaceuticals and personal care Properties Amber waxy flake insol. in water... 

Uses W/o and o/w emulsifier for oleic acid, vegetable oil, min. oil, silicones, and variety of soivs. rec. for personal care prods, requiring colorless, fragrance-free components compat. with most anionic surfactants conditioner for hair and skin prods. 

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