Servicing, selling

Despite a low representation of remote services on today s Internet, several types of service retailing are currently practiced. For example, 2 of the top 10 online retailing activities—travel and financial services—sell services rather than products. Airline tickets are digital products that simply... 

If the distribution of gas in a country is run by a nationalised or state owned company, there is effectively a monopoly on this service, and prices for gas distributed through a grid system will have to be negotiated with the distribution company. If the market for distribution is not regulated then opportunities arise to sell gas to other customers and... 

Finally, if one simply cannot find the thing one needs then it s time to hit the bibles of industrial and commercial sources "Chemical Buyers Weekly", "Chemsource U.S.A." and the massive "Thomas Register". These three source books can be found at most libraries and contain the listings and services of just about every business in the country. No matter what the chemist needs, it can be found in these books. Even if it takes going one-by-one through the listings, Strike can assure you that the chemist will find what she needs and someone that will sell it to her. 

AH motor fuel in the United States is manufactured by private companies. Many of these are vertically integrated. That is, the same company finds the cmde oil or buys it from a producing government, refines it into finished products, and then sells to independent retailers who specialize in that company s blended products or sells at company operated service stations. There are also a significant number of companies that participate in only some aspects of the business cycle such as refining or marketing. 

M rko-ting RG.(jUirG.mG.ntS. The primary portion of commodity chemical output is often sold on long-term contracts. Selling and service costs are minimal. Eor specialty chemicals, service and selling costs are likely to be high. 

The reference electrode contributes heavily to the economics of electroanalytical chemistry. Companies that sell and service electroanalytical instmmentation are few in number and small in size, or they are parts of much larger companies. One suppHer of electroanalytical instmmentation is Princeton AppHed Research Corp. (PARC) of Princeton, Newjersey. PARC is a subsidiary of EG G Instmments, Inc. Among the many suppHers of ion-selective electrodes are Orion (Boston, Massachusetts), Corning (Corning, New York), and Ingold (Wilmington, Massachusetts). Brinkmann Instmments, Inc. (Westbury, New York) is a useful suppHer of titration equipment. 

Depending on the product and sales arrangement, the revenues calculation can take from a few man-hours to many man-months of effort. For instance, determining the price for a synthetic fuel from coal can be done in a very short time, based on the cost of service. However, if the price is tied to the price of natural gas or oil, the task becomes very difficult, if not impossible. On the other hand, determining the sales growth and selling price for a new product requires a great deal of analysis, speculation, market research, and luck, but projections can be made. 

Air Cleaning Systems, Inc. Sells, services and provides equipment and parts for air filtration systems. http // v m.airdeaninssystems.com... 

The purpose of this letter Is to inform you that a product that we sell to you. Furniture Lacquer KX2-1390, contains 20 percent toluene (Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number 108-88-3). We are required to notify you of the presence of toluene in the product under section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986. This law requires certain manufacturers to report on annual emissions of specified toxic chemicals and chemical categories. 

United States in 1998) from coal (56%), nuclear (20%), natural gas (11%), hydro (8%), oil (3%), biomass (1.5%), geothermal (0.2%), wind (0.1%), and solar (0.02%). Recently, wholesale and some retail markets have been unbundled, allowing competitors to sell electrons with the monopoly utility or municipality providing the transmission service. Open-access restructuring gives customers choices and creates a commodity market in which the lowest-cost electricity wins market share at the expense of higher-cost alternatives. 

In restructured electric markets, the vertical electric monopoly vill no longer be the sole provider of electricity. The generation, transmission, distribution, and customer service functions will be separated. The upstream generation function will be competitive, allowing new, any power producer to produce and sell electricityin any service territoi"y. The transmission and distribution functions will continue to be regulated, but will be required to allow access to power suppliers and marketers. This separation or unbundling of the industi"y is necessai"y to provide nondiscrimina-tory access for all suppliers of electricity. Customers will have their choice of electric suppliers. 

Businesses, operating in a market economy, have little incentive to implement demand management strategics on their own. They pay for the costs of shipment delays associated with moving goods and services to the marketplace (these costs are incorporated into the selling price of the goods and semces). 

It is a fact of life that the cost of providing water treatment services increases with the size and complexity of boiler plant. This cost may be recovered with larger boiler plants by the higher volumes of chemical treatments sold, as often the chemical selling prices will include an allowance for all the anticipated (and expensive) technical service time requirements. 

As a result of the high costs of technical services, most water treatment vendors employ a variety of methods that allows them to charge an economic rate for the programs they sell. They will negotiate a price with the customer based on providing the most suitable balance of on-site service time and chemical/equipment requirements, that anticipates and resolves problems, meets the customers needs, and relieves his or her pain. ... 

Today, water treatment companies sell environmental reassurance and technology-based utility support services, not chemicals or equipment. 

Local ones are listed in the yellow pages of the telephone directory. The laboratory operator should contact more than one for suggestions and estimates. In such discussions, a disposal service vdll ask detailed questions as to the exact nature of the waste and quantities involved. An agreement will be made about the types of shipping containers to be used. These are non-returnable. The disposal service may sell suitable containers and require these for certain types of waste. In other cases, the laboratory may provide its own. If drums are needed, they are available from companies engaged in drum reconditioning. Manufacturers of chemicals may have used drums available at reasonable prices, but since these wdll contain residues of their former contents, a check for compatibility must be made before using them. 

Mail order companies often offer excellent service. Their catalogs sometimes list specialty items not sold elsewhere, such as unique pH electrodes or plastic products. Both laboratory supply houses and mail order companies may sell popular types of instruments under their own private labels at substantial savings. 

Small retail stores called science shops are found in many larger cities. While their prices may be on the high side, they offer over-the-counter service for many items needed in a hurry. They will also sell glassware by the piece rather than by the case, a service often desirable for small laboratories. 

Service - Chemicals are still purchased on a price per kilogram basis. The supplier offers additional services such as just-in-time delivery, direct electronic ordering via an Electronic Data Interface, routine analysis of process streams and advice on chemicals usage, etc. The supplier still has an incentive to sell more chemicals, but does have more to lose should the end user change supplier. 

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