Private company

AH motor fuel in the United States is manufactured by private companies. Many of these are vertically integrated. That is, the same company finds the cmde oil or buys it from a producing government, refines it into finished products, and then sells to independent retailers who specialize in that company s blended products or sells at company operated service stations. There are also a significant number of companies that participate in only some aspects of the business cycle such as refining or marketing. 

Public andprivate standards also may be distinguished. PubHc standards iaclude those produced by government bodies and those pubHshed by other organizations but promoted for general use, eg, the ASTM standards. Private standards are issued by a private company for its own interests and generally are not available to parties other than its vendors, customers, and subcontractors. 

Reactor types modeled A, stoichiometric conversion B, equiUbrium/free-energy minimization, continuous stirred tank, and plug flow C, reactive distillation. Some vendors have special models for special reactions also, private company simulators usually have reactors of specific interest to their company. 

It is unreahstic to expect that at any point in the foreseeable future Congress will reverse direction, reduce the effect of regulatoiy controls, or reestabhsh the preexisting legal situation in which private companies are free to construct major industrial facihties with little or no restraint by federal regiilation. 

This section focnses on research works in this field pnbUshed over the past 10 years by private companies and academic laboratories. As onr group recently noted, it is a long way from the Petri dish to the market place and thus to the placement of a food prodnct on store shelves. 

Fees are charged for all dmg analyses performed in the DRA laboratories in Australia, Malaysia and Venezuela. In Cypms and Estonia, analyses are carried out free of charge for government functions, but a charge is made in the case of private companies and individuals. 

Sample preparation by contract research organization. In Japan, GLP for field residue study work has not yet been established and sample preparation for residue studies by private companies is not authorized. Contract research organizations are limited to prefectural research institutes and MAFF-recognized local research institutes, mainly neutral organizations, such as the Japan Plant Protection Association (JPPA). 

Radon dissolves into groundwater from rocks or soils. When the water is exposed to the atmosphere, some of the dissolved radon is released. As a rule of thumb, there is an increase of about 1 pCi/L in the air inside a house for every 10,000 pCi/L of radon in the household water.50 Higher radon levels have been observed in individual rooms when water is heated or agitated, such as during shower use.51 Builders should be aware that houses require groundwater as the house water supply could have a radon problem. The only way to be certain that the groundwater is not a potential radon source is to have the water from the well tested. Some states and private companies provide test kits for this purpose. It should also be noted that radon concentrations in water, like radon concentrations in the air, can vary significantly. 

Basic research can be regarded as a public good it is difficult to prevent a person from benefiting from it, and the marginal cost of another person enjoying it is zero. Basic research is not patentable, even though private companies... 

In April 2001, tasks related to the promotion of information exchange and international collaborations were assigned by the Petroleum Energy Center (PEC) to the JCCP. During the last few years, JCCP has continued to promote cooperation and collaboration among the research community interested in oil-related activities including the private companies. Now, JCCP functions under the auspices of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan. 

Q. Why should this private company be interested in the armament question ... 

Alberto and Arrue [22] also used data from the COCA (years 1972-1982) and data provided by private companies to study the thermal regime of streams in the Ebro River basin. Using data from the thermal power plant at Escatron from years... 

With slight adaptations, more or less the same type of timing has been found advisable in Uganda, Tanganyika, and Kenya. In these countries are some 335,000 acres of coffee on about 80,000 acres in Kenya a large amount of the spraying is done on a custom basis by two competent private companies. 

The problem is nobody is in charge of doing fhis. Is if academia Is if fhe FDA People come to FDA and say, "Why aren t you using this biomarker " And the people at FDA say, "We don t have the data nobody s analyzed the data." Private companies may try to synthesize the data and present it to the agency, but usually they do not have access to all the datasets. Those datasets reside in different companies and different hands aroxmd the country. 

The purpose of the ASl was to bring together lecturers of worldwide renown in this subject and let them meet with interested stakeholders and end-users, coming from academy, research, public administration, military institutions, and private companies. Participants came from 18 countries, representing Asia, Africa, most of Europe and North America. 

For unjustifiable political reasons, he was separated from his professorship in 1952, and accepted the position of Research Director at the private company of E. R. Squibb Sons, where he remained until 1962. From E. R. Squibb Sons, he launched a program of grants and fellowships to support biomedical research and to cover the expenses of several graduate students who carried out research in the laboratories of the company. Some of his students at that time have since been appointed to important academic and industrial positions in Argentina and abroad. 

Private Company Profile DrugAbuse Sciences, Inc. Interview with Elizabeth M, Greetham, Chief Executive Officer. (2001, April 09). Wall Street Reporter Transcript of Interview, http //web.archive,org/web/20010801221224/ h ttp //www, wall street re porter.eom/interviews/apr/9/ DrugAbuseSciences.htm... 

Causal Trees were developed in an effort to use the principles of deductive logic found in Fault Tree but make it more user-friendly. Originally, private companies developed the Causal Tree Method (CTM) for safety, process safety, and environmental incident investigations applications. Rhone-Poulenc, for example, was an early user.<20.21) Multiple-Cause Systems Oriented Incident Investigation (MCSOfl) is another name for the CTM. At this time, most companies use simplified versions of fault trees for complex incident investigations. 

Much of the resin reclamation and reprocessing technology comes from overseas, as the Europeans and Japanese have been involved in recycling for a longer period of time. There are other reclamation processes for different resins, which have been developed by or licensed to private companies, but because these are usually proprietary the details of their operations are not known. 

Some of these government agencies and private companies, because of the nature of their business, will utilize the services of an analytical chemistry laboratory as part of their overall need to assure the required quality operation. For example, municipal governments will employ the use of an analytical chemistry laboratory to test their water supply on a regular basis to make sure it is free of toxic chemicals. The pharmaceutical company will house an analytical chemistry laboratory within its facility to routinely test the products it produces and the raw materials that go into these products to make certain that they meet the required specifications. A fertilizer plant will utilize an analytical chemistry laboratory to confirm that the composition of its product meets the specifications indicated on the individual bags of fertilizer. Companies that produce a food product, such as snack chips, cheese, cereal, or meat products, will have an analytical chemistry laboratory as part of their operation because they want to have the assurance that the... 

Most of the groups working on this project are funded by public bodies. Some sequencing groups, however, are funded by private companies. These wish to see a payback on their investment. Gaining a patent for a nucleotide sequence that is of medical or diagnostic use would provide very significant payback potential. 

Private companies find vaccines less financially rewarding than drugs. In 2001 the global marketplace for therapeutic drugs exceeded 300 billion, whereas worldwide vaccine sales were only about 5 billion. There are several reasons for this differential. Thomas (2002) offers one patients must take some drugs every day, whereas vaccines are given only occasionally. 

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