Open access

The issue of Open Access is a huge one for scientific publishing. Advocates want to move from tiaditional subsaiption-based journals to a model that would make all research findings accessible to anyone with a computer. There are however a number of problems with the open-access approach. 

A fundamental issue for open-access journals is the quality of the science. Resonrces for open-access publications include  

BioMed Central (http //www.biomedcentral.CQm) a for-profit open-access pnblisher, with a diverse group of peer-reviewed journals. 

The Directory of Open Access Journals, DOAJ (http // www.doaj.org/), a clearinghonse for free, fuU text, quahty-controlled scientific, and scholarly journals. 

Public Library of Science (PLoS) (http //www.plos.org), a non-profit organization of scientists and physicians committed to making the world s scientific and medical hterature a public resource. One of their major initiatives is PLoS Biology, (htq) //biology.plosjonmals.org/perlserv/ request=index-html) a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by PLoS. 

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Entities involved in long-term contracts with electric utihties, such as fuel supphers and NUGs selling power to utihties, also have concerns that some utihties or industrial customers will not be able to honor their contracts under the new, more competitive system. Einahy, some utihties are concerned that they wih not be adequately reimbursed for opening up their transmission systems to competitors. The potential competitors in turn are concerned that utihties whl not provide unbiased access to their transmission systems if the utihties themselves are also in business of marketing power. There has also been some debate regarding which transmission facihties are eligible for open access. This is because some facihties are considered local distribution systems by utihties, which feel they should not be opened to competitors. 

These results are quite interesting. The initial stages of Al deposition result in nanosized deposits. Indeed, from the STM studies we recently succeeded in making bulk deposits of nanosized Al with special bath compositions and special electrochemical techniques [10]. Moreover, the preliminary results on tip-induced nanostructuring show that nanosized modifications of electrodes by less noble elements are possible in ionic liquids, thus opening access to new structures that cannot be made in aqueous media. 

United States in 1998) from coal (56%), nuclear (20%), natural gas (11%), hydro (8%), oil (3%), biomass (1.5%), geothermal (0.2%), wind (0.1%), and solar (0.02%). Recently, wholesale and some retail markets have been unbundled, allowing competitors to sell electrons with the monopoly utility or municipality providing the transmission service. Open-access restructuring gives customers choices and creates a commodity market in which the lowest-cost electricity wins market share at the expense of higher-cost alternatives. 

OPEN-ACCESS RESTRUCTURING DRIVER OF GREEN PRICING... 

Eederal Energy Regulatory Commission. (1996). Promoting Wholesale Competition Through Open Access Non-Discriminatoiy Transmission Scivices by Publie Utilities. Emal Order No. 888, 75-EEUC 61, U8U, Docket No, RM95-8-000, April, 1996, Washington DC Author,... 

Anonymous. Open access to industry s clinically relevant data. BMJ 2004 (10 July) 329 64-5. 

Ranke, J., Bahadir, M., Eissen, M., Konig, B. (2008) Developing and Disseminating NOP An Online, Open-Access, Organic Chemistry Teaching Resource to Integrate Sustainability Concepts in the Laboratory. Journal of Chemical Education, 85, 1000-1005. 

On the other hand, Seebach and Heckel have demonstrated that sulfur-containing TADDOL derivatives could be immobilised on hydrophobic con-trolled-pore glass silica gel. Indeed, controlled-pore glass (CPG) is a rigid support that offers an openly accessible pore structure in all possible solvents... 

The whole NMR imaging sensor system usually consists of a magnet, a shim system mounted inside the room-temperature bore of the magnet, a gradient system mounted inside the shim system and the rf coil mounted inside the gradient system. In the case of a saddle coil or a birdcage resonator, open access can be realized from the bottom to the top of the entire system with the coil diameter. 

All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. 

The first thing to note is that there are many, many parameters that need to be set correctly for an NMR experiment to work. Some are fundamental and we don t play with them. Some are specific to a particular pulse sequence and determine how the experiment behaves. It is difficult to deal with all of these here so we will look at some of the parameters that affect nearly all experiments and are often the ones that you will be able to control in an open access facility. Many of these parameters affect each other and we will try to show where this is the case. 

Reversal of steps, that is addition of Br/OH to the C=C bond of the unsaturated aldehyde (102) first, followed by oximation, opens access to six-membered nitrones (103) (Scheme 2.41) (290). 

Some LC/MS users adhere to isocratic separation because of the myths around gradient elution (it is complex to develop and transfer between instruments and laboratories, it is inherently slower than isocratic methods because of re-equilibration, and other reasons summarized by Carr and Schelling6). A researcher may have a very good reason to use an isocratic method, for example, for a well defined mixture containing only a few compounds. The isocratic method would certainly not be useful in an open access LC/MS system processing varying samples from injection to injection. 

Thomas, S.R. and Gerhard, U. (2004) Open-access high-resolution mass spectrometry in early drug discovery. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 39, 942-948. 

Sandelin, A., Alkema, W., Engstrom, P.,Wasserman, W. W., andLenhard, B. (2004) JASPAR an open-access database for eukaryotic transcription factor binding profiles. Nucleic Acids Res. 32, D91-D94. 

Vlieghe, D., Sandehn, A., De Bleser, P. J., et al. (2006) A new generation of JASPAR, the open-access repository for transcription factor binding site profiles. Nucleic Acids Res. 34, D95-D97. 

The recently solved X-ray structures of rabbit microsomal CYP2C5 in complex with diclofenac [190] and a sulfaphanazole derivative [191] provided additional evidence on how the molecular recognition of structurally diverse substrates takes place. Comparisons of the complex with apo CYP2C5 [119] indicates that the protein closes around the substrate and prevents open access of water from bulk solvent to heme Fe. Multiple substrate binding models of the sulfaphenazole derivative are in agreement... 

H. Tong, D. Bell, K. Tabei, M. M. Siegel Automated data massaging, interpretation, and e-mailing modules for high throughput open access mass spectrometry J. Am. Soc. Mass Spearom. 1999, 10, 1174-1187. 

Figure 6.1 shows the mass spectmm of an impurity run in the positive APPI mode and shows both at miz 352 and MH miz 353. This is an example where the mechanisms of proton transfer and electron transfer are both taking place. This can be confusing when dealing with complete unknowns and demonstrates why it is unsuitable for routine use in an open access multi-user environment or by inexperienced users. A better understanding of the processes involved and the role of mobile phase and dopant is required before this can be put to routine use. There are a number of papers published on this topic [20, 21]. 

Application of 4-chloroacetic ester 46 (89CCC1336, 03RCB2185, 06S2357) opens access to 6-chloromethylpyrans 47, which are useful for further chemical transformations (e.g., into condensed aminopyrans) due to the presence of the labile chlorine atom (Scheme 3). 

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