Self-assembled nanoparticles

Recently, many studies have focused on self-assembled biodegradable nanoparticles for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Nanoparticles fabricated by the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers or hydrophobically modified polymers have been explored as drug carrier systems. In general, these amphiphilic copolymers consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments are capable of forming polymeric structures in aqueous solutions via hydrophobic interactions. These self-assembled nanoparticles are composed of an inner core of hydrophobic moieties and an outer shell of hydrophilic groups [35, 36]. 

Park JH, Kwona S, Nam JO et al (2004) Self-assembled nanoparticles based on glycol chitosan bearing 5h-cholanic acid for RGD peptide delivery. J Control Release 95 579-588... 

Wu et al. (2000) showed the formation of self-assembled nanoparticles of P(SA -block-EG) in an aqueous environment and studied their degradation as a function of pH and temperature. Fu et al. (2002) repeated the synthesis of P(SA-Wock-EG) and studied the morphology and erosion kinetics of microspheres which they propose as vehicles for mucosal drug delivery. 

Higashi N, Shosu T, Koga T, Niwa M, Tanigawa T (2006) pH-responsive, self-assembling nanoparticle from a fullerene-tagged poly(L-glutamic acid) and its superoxide dismutase mimetic property. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 298 118-123. 

Keywords Gradient Polymer brush Self-assembly Nanoparticles Protein adsorption... 

A new methodology, which combines traditional (top-down) lithography and self-assembly (bottom-up) approaches, has been developed for fabrication of complex nanoscale colloidal stmctures on a surface over a large domain. The principle of this method is to create a chemically patterned surface by well-established soft lithography, followed by self-assembling nanoparticles selectively deposited... 

Hua F, Cui TH, Lvov Y. Lithographic approach to pattern self-assembled nanoparticle multilayers. Langmuir 2002 18 6712-6715. 

The weak physical forces that hold together self-assembled nanoparticles are, of course, susceptible to disruption under the influence of thermodynamic and/or mechanical stresses. Hence some workers have investigated ways to reinforce nanoscale structures via covalent bonding. For instance, improved stability of protein nanoparticles, in particular, casein micelles, can be achieved by enzymatic cross-linking with the enzyme transglutaminase, which forms bonds between protein-bound glutamine and lysine residues. By this means native casein micelles can be converted from semi-reversible association colloids into permanent nanogel particles (Huppertz and de Kruif, 2008). 

Na K, Lee ES, Bae YH (2003) Self-assembled nanoparticles of hydrophobically-modified polysaccharide bearing vitamin H as a targeted anti-cancer drug delivery system. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 18(2) 165-173... 

Acyclovir self-assembled nanoparticles as SADNs were manufactured which showed strong targeting effect in vivo (mainly in the MPSs) and sustained release at target sites [22], Based on this paradigm, a general process to manufacture SADNs is as follows [21,22] ... 

Jin, Y. (2007), Effect of temperature on the state of the self-assembled nanoparticles prepared from an amphiphilic lipid derivative of acyclovir, Coll. Surf. B Biointerf, 54, 124-125. 

Lu Y, Liu GJ, Lee LP (2008) High density self assembled nanoparticle film with temperature-controllable interparticle spacing for deep sub-wavelength nanolithography using localized surface plasmon modes on planar silver nanoparticle tunable grating. Microelectron Eng... 

Nie, Self-assembled nanoparticle probes for recognition and detection of biomolecules. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2002, 324, 9606-9612. 

Kwon, S. Park, J.H. Chung, H. Kwon, I.C. Jeong, S.Y. Kim, I.S. Physicochemcial characteristics of self-assembled nanoparticles based on glycol chitosan bearing 5beta-cholanic acid. Langmuir 2003, 19, 10,188-10,193. 

Hyung Park J, Kwon S, Lee M (2006). Self-assembled nanoparticles based on glycol chitosan bearing hydrophobic moieties as carriers for doxorubicin In vivo biodistribution and anti-tumor activity. Biomaterials. 27 119-126. 

Park JS, Han TH, Lee KY, Han SS, Hwang JJ, Moon DH, Kim SY, Cho YW. N-acetyl histidine-conjugated glycol chitosan self-assembled nanoparticles for intracytoplasmic delivery of drugs Endocytosis, exocytosis and drug release. J Control Release 2006 115 37-45. 

Govor LV, Reiter G, Paiisi J et al (2004) Self-assembled nanoparticle deposits formed at the contact line of evaporating micrometer-size droplets. Phys Rev E 69(6) 061609... 

Physicochemical characterisation was characterised of self-assembled nanoparticles based on glycol chitosan-bearing 5p-cholanic acid and their surfactant activity . Fluorescence spectroscopy and pulsed field gradient NMR (PFG-NMR) revealed information concerning the polydispersity of micelle polymers - chiral polymeric surfactants developed over the past decade for use as chiral selectors in the analytical separation of enantiomers . The authors suggest that polydispersity is a crucial factor in understanding the chiral interactions of these species. 

N. Kolishetti, S. Dhar, P. Valencia, L. Lin, R. Karnik, S. Lippard, R. Langer, and O. Farokhzad, Engineering of self-assembled nanoparticle platform for precisely controlled combination drug therapy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 17939-17944, 2010. 

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