Drug carrier system

L. Fiume, C. Busi, A. MattioH, and G. Spiuosa, CRC Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems 4, 265—284 (1988). 

I. Gonda, Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Systems 6, 273—313 (1990). 

Couvreur, P., Barratt, G., Fattal, E., Legrand, P. Vauthier, C. (2002). Nanocapsule technology A review. Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, Vol. 19, 2, (March 2002), pp. (99-134), ISSN 0743-4863... 

Gabizon, A. (1989). Liposomes as a drug delivery system in cancer chemotherapy, in Drug Carrier Systems Horizons in Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vol. 9 (F. H. Roerdink and A. M. Kroon, eds.), John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 185-211. 

Probably the most promising polymeric drug carrier system involves polysaccharide molecules. These are natural polymers and are often biodegradable to products that are useful to the host or easily eliminated by the host. Dextrans have been the most extensively used polysaccharide for macromolecular prodrug preparations (79). These materials are biocompatible and the in vivo fate is directly related to their molecular weight. Moreover these macromolecules can be easily targetted to the hepatocytes with D-mannose or L-fucose (20). 

The various particulate drug-carrier systems that have been investigated can be grouped into the following classes ... 

Kempen et al. [176] synthesized a water-soluble cho-lesteryl-containing trigalactoside, Tris-Gal-Chol (I), which when incorporated in lipoproteins allows the utilization of active receptors for galactose-terminated macromolecules as a trigger for the uptake of lipoproteins. The effect of increasing concentrations of Tris-Gal-Chol on the removal of LDL and HDL from serum and their quantitative recovery in the liver is shown in Fig. 13. These data show that lipoproteins containing Tris-Gal-Chol can be used as a liver-specific drug-carrier system. 

A. J. Baillie, Niosomes A putative drug carrier system, in Targeting of Drugs. Anatomical and Physiological Considerations (G. Gregoriadis and G. Poste, eds.), NATO Series. Series A. Life Science, Vol. 155, Plenum Press, New York, 1988, p. 143. 

J. Kopecek and R. Duncan, Poly(/V-(2-hydro-xypropyl)methacrylamide) macromolecules as drug carrier systems, in Polymers in Controlled Drug Delivery (L. Ilium and S. S. Davis, eds.), Wright, Bristol, 1987, p. 152. 

J., Dougherty, T.J. and Prasad, P.N. (2003) Ceramic-based nanoparticles entrapping water-insoluble photosensitizing anticancer drugs A novel drug-carrier system for photodynamic therapy. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 125, 7860-7865. 

Recently, many studies have focused on self-assembled biodegradable nanoparticles for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Nanoparticles fabricated by the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers or hydrophobically modified polymers have been explored as drug carrier systems. In general, these amphiphilic copolymers consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments are capable of forming polymeric structures in aqueous solutions via hydrophobic interactions. These self-assembled nanoparticles are composed of an inner core of hydrophobic moieties and an outer shell of hydrophilic groups [35, 36]. 

Shah, R.B., Ahsan, F., and Khan, M.A. 2002. Oral delivery of proteins progress and prognostication. Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems 19(2), 135-169. 

Cleland, J.L., Powell, M.F., and Shire, S.J. 1993. The development of stable protein formulations a close look at protein aggregation, deamidation and oxidation. Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems 10(4), 3,01-ill. 

Here, liposomes come into play as modern drug-carrier systems. It is well known from earlier studies that dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE)-containing liposomes administered to somatic cells may lead to an uptake of the liposomal content into cells (10,11). However, this was not demonstrated up to now for DCs. The use of liposomes would also have the advantage—if they work—that at the same time an antigen and an adjuvant could be given concomitantly. 

Muller, R. H., et al., Sohd lipid nanoparticles (SLN) an alternative colloidal drug carrier system for controlled drug debvery. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 41, 1995. 

Soluble synthetic polymers have been widely employed as versatile drug carrier systems. Polymer chemistry allows the development of tailor made conjugates in which target moi-... 

The pharmacokinetic processing of macromolecules used as targeting devices or drug carrier systems is different from that of conventional cytotoxic drugs and plays an important role in e.g. the targeting efficiency of these cytotoxic agents coupled to the macromolecules. 

Initially, liposomes seemed to be optimal drug carrier systems, but further research in general showed disappointing results [97]. The clinical utility of what are now called conventional liposomes was limited by their rapid uptake by phagocytic cells of the immune system, predominantly in the liver and spleen, resulting in their largely uncontrollable properties upon administration in vivo. 

The interactions between drugs and proteins such as albumin, acidic glycoprotein, and other possible target proteins are discussed in specific chapters. Some important applications of ACE concerning drug carrier systems (simple and mixed micelles, microemulsions, liposomes) are covered in subsequent chapters of this book. 

Illing A., Unruh T., and Koch M.H.J., Investigation on particle self-assembly in solid lipid based colloidal drug carrier systems, Pharm. Res., 21, 592, 2004. 

Hoes CJT, Feijen J (1989) in Roerdink FDH, Kroon AM (eds) Drug carrier systems, John Wiley, New York, p 57... 

FIGURE 9.5 Schematic representation of phospholipids distribution in lipid emulsions and liposomes. Both drug carrier systems show similar surface. The main differences between liposomes and lipid droplets are related to the mean diameter and nature of the inner contents. (From dos Santos, 2005.)... 

Uner M. (2006). Preparation, characterization and physico-chemical properties of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) their benefits as colloidal drug carrier systems. Pharmazie, 61, 375-386. 

Gu, J.M., Robinson, J.R., Leung, S.S. (1988). Binding of acrylic polymers to mucin epithelial surfaces structure-property relationships. Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 5, 21-67. 

Uekama K, Otagiri M. Cyclodextrins in drug carrier systems. CRC Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 1987 3(1) 1. 

Purdon C, Azzi C, Zhang J, Smith E, Maibach H. Penetration enhancement of transdermal delivery—current permutations and limitations. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Systems 2004 21 97-132. 

---