Biodistribution In Vivo

The same group reported the simultaneous radiolabeling (with DOTA-anchored 4Cu) and fluorescence studies, coupled with biodistribution in vivo and in vitro (92). It is believed that appropriately functionalized SWNTs can efficiently reach tumor tissues in mice with no apparent toxicity (159). Furthermore, water-solubilised carbon nanotubes are nontoxic when taken up by cells even in high concentration (92). These studies have been complemented by the recent PET imaging of water-soluble 86Y labelled carbon nanotubes in vivo (mice) (160,161), to explore the potential usefulness of carbon nanocarriers as scaffolds for drug delivery. The tissue biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of model DOTA functionalized nanotubes have been explored in vivo (mouse model). MicroPET images indicated accumulation of activity mainly in the kidney, liver, spleen, and to a much less... 

Establish in vivo models for comparative evaluation of biodistribution, in vivo stability and therapeutic efficacy. 

Liu L, Tang Y, Gao C, Li Y, Chen S, Xiong T et al. Characterization and biodistribution in vivo of quercetin-loaded cationic nanostructured lipid carriers. Colloids SurfB Biointerfaces. 2014 115 125-131. 

The size of dendritic supramolecules and hybrid nanoparticles (typically 20-200 nm in diameter) affects their biodistribution in vivo. As their hydrodynamic diameters are larger than threshold of kidney ( 5.5 nm), their elimination rate from the body is typically slower and circulation time in the body is longer than dendrimers.[80] Another clearance mechanism via RES following intravenous administration is inversely dependent on their size, i.e., more efficient macrophage uptake of 90 nm nanoparticles than that of 15 nm nanoparticles.[81]... 

The shape, surface characteristics, and size of a nanoparticle have a key role in biodistribution in vivo. The effects of size have been studied extensively with spherically shaped particles. Particles less than 5 nm are rapidly cleared from the circulation through renal clearance or extravasations of liver and spleen. Nanoparticle behavior in the size range of 10 nm to 15 pM varies widely in terms of biodistribution, and cellular uptake of nanoparticles in this range is heavily dependent on cell type (Fujita et al., 2006). 

Merkel OM, Librizzi D, Pfestroff A, Schurrat T, Buyens K, Sanders NN, De Smedt SC, Behe M, Kissel T (2009) Stability of siRNA polyplexes from poly(ethylenimine) and poly (ethylenimine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) under in vivo conditions effects on pharmacokinetics and biodistribution measured by Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging. J Control Release 138 148-159... 

Bartlett DW, Su H, Hildebrandt IJ, Weber WA, Davis ME (2007) Impact of tumor-specific targeting on the biodistribution and efficacy of siRNA nanoparticles measured by multimodality in vivo imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 15549-15554... 

Singh et al. (2006) also used cycloaddition to prepare carbon nanotubes containing indium labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) derivatives (Figure 15.17). In the initial modification, a SWNT was derivatized to contain a primary amine at the end of a short PEG spacer. The resultant water-soluble nanotube then was reacted with DTPA to create a metal chelating group at the end of the chain. Subsequent loading of the chelate with mIn created a radionuclide-SWNT complex for in vivo biodistribution studies. 

Kobayashi, H., Wu, C., Kim, M.K., Paik, C.H., Carrasquillo, J.A., and Brechbiel, M.W. (1999) Evaluation of the in vivo biodistribution of indium-111 and yttrium-88 labeled dendrimer-1 B4M-DTPA and its conjugation with anti-Tac monoclonal antibody. Bioconjug. Chem. 10, 103-111. 

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is a column chromatography technique which can determine particle hydrophobicity by interaction with a hydrophobic gel matrix [142,149,150]. Hydrophilic particles pass through the column without interaction, whereas particles with increased hydrophobicity show a retarded elution and are retained by the column. Hydrophobicity measurements are used to determine the hydrophobicity of nanoparticulate carriers and correlate this to their in vivo biodistribution [10, 149]. 

The ability of surfactants to induce cell proliferation in in vitro and in vivo tests has been demonstrated for APs, some lineal alcohols and bisphenols. In contrast, APEO, LAS, SPCs, AG and APGs are devoid of estrogenic activity. In addition, it has been demonstrated that low chlorination of APs or low bromination of bisphenols does not affect estrogenicity but may affect the biodistribution of the resulting chemicals. It is proposed that surfactants in current use and new chemicals under development should be carefully tested for estrogenic activity. 

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