Lithographic approach

Hua F, Cui TH, Lvov Y. Lithographic approach to pattern self-assembled nanoparticle multilayers. Langmuir 2002 18 6712-6715. 

The lithographic approach to make model nanocatalysts has emerged in the wake of the microelectronic boom almost half a century ago. The continued... 

A lithographic approach to the molecular imprinting of bacterial cell surfaces has been reported [133]. This indirect method resulted in the formation of polyamide beads with spatially-defined, highly functional patches, of size and shape corresponding exactly to those of the bacteria . Although only limited evaluation of the bacterial recognition properties have been carried out, the initial results suggest that discrimination between bacteria can be observed. 

Schacht S, Huo Q, VoigtMartin IG et al (1996) Oil-water interface templating of mesoporous macroscale structures. Science 273(5276) 768-771 Madou M (1998) Eundamentals of microfabrication. CRC, Boca Raton Cui TH, Hua E, Lvov Y (2004) Lithographic approach to pattern multiple nanoparticle thin films prepared by layer-by-layer self-assembly for microsystems. Sens Actuators A 14(2-3) 501-504... 

Several new approaches using pCP have been reported. Patterned SAMs on gold can be prepared by the combination of pCP and the subsequent solution deposition methods [342]. pCP can be applied to the top surface of a SAM, which leads to a new type of lithographic approach to prepare patterned SAMs using a locally selective catalytic reaction [341, 343]. Patterning of proteins and cells using pCP is reported by Whitesides and coworkers [117, 330, 344, 345]. 

The concept of our work differs from these approaches in that way that no selective removal of a polymer film from the substrate after irradiation was intended but rather the selective provision of specific functional groups at the substrate surface. This is comparable to soft lithographic methods (5) where functional molecules are literally printed onto substrates then being ready for fiirther supramolecular assembling as well as reactions. However, this techniques requires the preparation of stamps , whereas a lithographic approach allows a more flexible patterning to be realized on the substrate. 

A lot of different experiments were carried out to obtain such materials. On the one hand, we have the lithographic approach. Photolithography [8], e-beam writing [9] and microcontact printing [10] are precise methods, but they have the problem that they are expensive, complicated and produce hardly 3D structures. On the other hand, we have the colloidal approach, which is easier, faster and cheaper. 

Huang, S., Man, A.W.H., Turney, T.W., White, RA., Dai, L. Patterned growth of well-ahgned carbon nanotubes a soft-lithographic approach. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 104, 2193 (2000)... 

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