Seed size

Campbell, J.F. 2002. Influence of seed size on exploitation by the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae. J. Insect Behav. 15, 429-445. 

Cope, J.M. and Fox, C.W. 2003. Oviposition decisions in the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Effects of seed size on superparasitism. J. Stored Prod. Res. 39, 355-365. 

The population balances were solved In moments form to establish the steady state conditions. Then the full size distributions were evaluated for the particular seed size distributions of the feed. Due allowance was made for the different measures of size for the two species. 

Nucleation rates were obtained for varying seed densities, seed sizes, temperature and supersaturation in the batch crystallizer. 

Effect of Seed Size. The effect of seed size on the nucleation rate was investigated by using screened seeds of sizes in the range of 53 - 63,63 - 75 and 75 - 90 im. Hie se density and temperature used in tiiis study were 200 g/l and 70 C respectively. The results are illustrated in Figures 4(a) and 4(b). 

Figure 4(a). Effect of seed size on nucleation at 70°C, 200 g/1 seed density. Desupersaturation curve. 

Higher seed densities, finer seed sizes, higher initial supersaturations and... 

Aniszewski, T., Kupari, M. H. and Leinonen, A. J. 2001. Seed number, seed size and seed diversity in the Washington lupine Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.) Annals of Botany, 87 77-82. 

Laxative effect. Seed hull, taken orally by adults at a dose of 7 g/person, increased weekly fecal mass without influencing transit time or frequency . Seedcoat, administered orally to 80 patients at a dose of 6.4 g/person three times daily, was active in a blinded placebo controlled study of efficacy of extract in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome " . Water extract of the dried kernel, administered orally to 40-year-old adults of both sexes, was active . Seed powder, administered orally to adults of both sexes, was active. Biological activity reported has been patented ". Dried seeds, administered orally to adults at a dose of 0.5 g/person, were active. Placing the seeds in water increased their volume, 90% alcohol produced a decrease in volume to normal seed size, and linseed oil had no effect on volume. The seed mucilage remained in gel form and is considered preferable to the solid form because it is more easily digested " . Dried seed powder, administered orally to 35 patients with chronic constipation at a dose of 50 mg/person, was active in a controlled, double-blind study " . Fiber, administered orally to adults, was active. Psyllium fiber and sennosides were prepared into a wafer to be... 

In general, purity increases with the amount of seeding and rate of racemization. However, the product purity encounters a plateau when the amount of seeding is in excess of 4 mol% of the amount of S in the mother liquor. These results are for a uniform seed size, and are expected to depend on the particle size distribution of the seed crystals used, although the general trends will remain the same. 

Plant breeding On farm, criteria seed size and appearance New seed material new fodder grasses. Limited use of own seed Promotion of hybrid seeds both from within and outside the country Limited use of own seed by the resource poor farmers Promotion of hybrid seeds both from within and outside the country. Limited efforts by farmers to raise their own seeds. Continued use of own seed by the resource poor farmers... 

Tyler Seed mass AMs Seed size Ls (from Calculated product... 

Tyler mesh Seed mass AM, Seed size Ls (1 + A L/Lsf Calculated product mass A Mp Calculated weight fraction retained A Wi Product screen size Ls + A L)... 

For a given seed distribution, the product distribution can be calculated if the yield is known conversely, the yield can be determined for any desired increase in seed size. The calculations are somewhat tedious, since the integration is carried out by graphical trial and error. A nomograph (Hll) showing lB) Al and (1 + Al/le)3 aids somewhat in these calculations. 

Jang s work (Jl) with a rotating drum crystallizer pointed out the limitations of an expression such as Eq. (26) for evaluating a growth constant when two widely different seed sizes were used in the same run. The growth constant for the larger crystals fell below the expected value, while the constant for the small crystals was higher than expected. 

Although it is accepted that within a given crystallizer the linear growth rate is independent of size per se, the growth rates may differ due to effects such as the dependence of the free settling velocity on size. If all crystals, regardless of their size, were treated in exactly the same manner, the equations presented in this section could be used to predict product size for any seed size distribution. 

The proportionality constant (a) includes the crystal density as well as a shape factor. The total weight Wp of product crystals is related to the final seed size by the following equation ... 

The fraction / of uniform crystals (i.e., grown seeds) depends on the crystallization conditions as well as the seed size la, and y, If the crystallization is carried out so that essentially no spontaneous nucleation takes place, / = 1.0, and the maximum crystal size, from Eq. (33), becomes... 

Optimum seed control size in relation to product size and inherent nu-cleation rate of the system (c) Fines trap capacity to assure effective control of seed size chosen (d) Phasing of seed rate adjustments in relation to corrections or changes in product size and (e) Sensitivity of measurement and control procedures to assure effective and steady size control of product. 

In contrast, triphenylchloromethane does not react in EtjO with Na sand . The Na surface is covered so tightly with impurities as it is prepared that the bulky triphenylchloromethane (unlike smaller 1-chloropentane) cannot penetrate. After addition of sharp particles of glass and shaking, even seed-sized (ca. 0.5 mm) particles of Na can be induced to react . Alternatively, the addition of benzophenone, tetraphenylethylene, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, or n-butyl chloride can bring about reaction . These compounds may function as Na carriers (shown for benzophenone and tetraphenylethylene by formation of known Na complexes), or to clean the surface of the Na metal. For laboratory preparations of triphenylmethylsodium, triphenylchloromethane is reacted... 

Janzen, D.H. (1977). Variation in seed size within a crop of a Costa Rican Mucuna andreana (Leguminosae). Am J of Bot., 64 347-349. 

Leishman, M.R., Westoby, M. and Jurado, E. (1995). Correlates of seed size variation a comparison among fire temperate floras. J Ecol., 83 517-529. 

Michaels, H.J., Benner, B., Hartgerink, A.P., Lee, T.D. and Rice S. (1988). Seed size variation magnitude, distribution and ecological correlates. Evolutionary Ecology, 2 157-166. 

Westoby, M., Jurado, E. and Leishman, M. (1992). Comparative evolutionary ecology of seed size. Trends Ecol. cmdEvol., 7 368-372. 

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