Rice weevil

Phenazine-l-carboxamide (137) is known as oxychlororaphine and has been isolated from cultures of Pseudomonas chlororaphisit has some limited inhibitory properties, but the inhibitory action of phenazines is generally disappointing. Some phenazine derivatives have insecticidal properties thus, phenazine itself has been found to be toxic to the clothes moth, the Hawaiian beet webworm, the rice weevil and larva of the codling moth, but under trial conditions its toxicity to plant material, as evidenced by severe burning of foliage, was found to be too high to make it of practical value. 

A strategy to access lactones via enzymatic hydrolysis of y- and /3-hydroxy aliphatic nitriles to their corresponding acids with subsequent internal esterification was applied using commercially available enzymes from BioCatalytics Inc. A number of y- and /3-hydroxy aliphatic nitrile substrates (Table 8.11) were evaluated, with the greatest selectivity observed with y-hydroxy nonanitrile, which was converted by nitrilase NIT1003 to the precursor of the rice weevil pheromone in 30% yield, 88% ee with an enatiomeric ratio of = 23 [90],... 

Campbell, J.F. 2002. Influence of seed size on exploitation by the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae. J. Insect Behav. 15, 429-445. 

Cline, L.D., Press, J.W., and Flaherty, B.R. 1985. Suppression of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera Curculionidae), inside and outside of burlap, woven polypropylene, and cotton bags by the parasitic wasp, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 78, 835-838. 

Throne, J.E. and Cline, L.D. 1989. Seasonal flight activity of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera Curculionidae), and the rice weevil, S. oryzae (L.), in South Carolina. 

Two propanoate units (see Fig. 2) seem to be coupled in 1-ethylpropyl (2S,3.R)-2-methyl-3-hydroxypropanoate 221, the male produced aggregation pheromone of the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius [390-393]. Even the ester-moiety may origin from two propanoate units after decarboxylation and reduction Three propanoate units (and decarboxylation, see Fig. 2) may produce (4S,5 )-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-heptanone, sitophilure 222, the aggregation pheromone of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae [394, 395]. The same carbon skeleton is present in the achiral 4-methylheptan-3,5-dione 223, the pheromone of the pea weevil, Sitona lineatus [396-398]. 

Synthesis of the aggregation pheromone of the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae and the maize weevil S. zeamais, (+)-sitophilure, was achieved in two steps using NADPH-dependent ketoreductases. ... 

Trichlorfon is mostly used to kill mangold fly larvae it is also very efficient against the dangerous rice weevil, which can destroy whole harvests. Trichlorfon is successfully used in viticulture (to kill grapevine moths) and pomiculture (to kill apple, pear and plum sawflies, apple ermine moths and gooseberry sawflies). Trichlorfon is very efficient in cot-ton-growing (to kill cotton worms). The low toxicity of trichlorfon for warm-blooded animals accounts for its use in veterinary medicine to combat parasites on large animals. 

Very recently (R, S )-4-methyl-5-hydroxy-3-heptanone has been identified as the major component of the aggregation pheromone of the rice weevil, sltophilus orvzae L., and the maize weevil, S. zeamals Motsch. (28). This compound is obviously very different in structure from the previously identified curculionid pheromones. In fact, it is very similar to the pheromone of two other stored-products pests, the drugstore beetle and the cigarette beetle, which are in the family Anobiidae (see later). Undoubtedly, we will find more diversity in structure as more curculionid pheromones are identified. 

Species differences in the rate of penetration of insecticides is shown in Figure 6.2. It is seen that cuticular penetration in the housefly and stable fly cuticle by carbaryl in the first 4 h is seven times that of the rice weevil and five times that of the boll weevil. This could affect the efficacy of this insecticide in these insects. 

Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) rice weevil adult FI, GR, T "55 , 79... 

Robinson, W. (1926) Low temperature and moisture as factors in the ecology of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. and the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius L. University of Minnesota Exp. Station Report, 41, 40 pp. 

Kleine-Tebbe, J., Jeep, S., Josties, C., Meysel, U., O Connor, A., and Kunkel, G. 1992. IgE-mediated inhalant allergy in inhabitants of a building infested by the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae). Ann. Allergy 69, 497-504. 

Rossiter, P.D. 1970. Field infestation of the rice weevil in wheat. Queensland J. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27, 119-121. 

Sudhakar, T.R. and Pandey, N.D. 1987. Changes in chemical constituents of raw and parboiled rice varieties due to infestation of rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Indian J. Entomol. 49, 1-6. 

Yamamoto, I., Ohsawa, K., Honda, H., Kato, S., and Yamamoto, R. 1976. Attractants of the rice weevil Sitophilus zeamais, in rice and com. In Proceedings of the Joint US-Japan Seminar on Stored Product Insects , pp. 83-103. Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas. 

Two 5-phenacylium salts 2-H- and 2-Ph-lMeIcP exhibited a strong insecticidal effect towards room flies comparable with that of Keltan (86SUP915432). p-BrPh-imidazo[4,5-g]indolizine proved to be effective against rice weevil (98SUP879946). 

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