Placebo-controlled studies blind

Mason BJ, Salvato FR, Williams LD, et al A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral nalmefene for alcohol dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56 719—724,1999... 

Tiihonen J, Ryynanen O-P, KauhanenJ, etal Citalopramin the treatment of alcoholism a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Pharmacopsychiatry 29 27-29, 1996... 

Schweizer E, Patterson W, Rickels K, et al Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a once-a-day, sustained-release preparation of alprazolam for the treatment of panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 150 1210-1215, 1993 Seivewright N Benzodiazepine misuse by illicit drug misusers. Addiction 96 333—334, 2001... 

Voderholzer U, Riemann D, Hornyak M, et al A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study on the polysomnographic withdrawal effects of zopiclone, zolpidem and triazolam in healthy subjects. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 251 117-123, 2001... 

Nielsen L. Johnsen CR, Mosbech H, Poulsen LK. Mailing HJ Antihistamine premedication in specific cluster immunotherapy a double-blind, placebo-controlled study J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996 97 1207-1213. 

Short term L-acetyl carnitine treatment has shown symptomatic benefits in ATN, although it is unclear if this effect is long lasting because of neuronal regeneration or is merely an analgesic effect (Scarpini et al. 1997 Oslo et al. 2006). Longer term studies showed improvements in epidermal nerve fiber density (Hart et al. 2004) as well as the symptoms of neuropathy when patients were treated with L-acetyl carnitine (Hart et al. 2004 Herzmann et al. 2005). A short term randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study showed reduction in pain over a 2 week period in HIV patients with TNA (Youle and Oslo 2007). 

Yamaguchi T, Sano K, Takakura K, Saito I, Shinohara Y, Asano T, Yasuhara H. Ebselen in acute ischemic stroke a placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Ebselen study group. Stroke 1998 29 12-17. 

Edavarone acute infarction study group. Effect of a novel free radical scavenger, edaravone (mci-186), on acute brain infarction. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study at multicenters. Cerebrovasc Dis 2003 15 222-229. 

UPMALIS D H, LOBO R, BRADLEY L, WARREN M, CONE F L, LAMIA C A (2000) VaSOmotor symptom relief by soy isoflavone extract tablets in postmenopausal women a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Menopause. 1 236-42. 

Morabito et al., 2002 European postmenopause placebo, n = 30 genistein, n = 30 HRT, n = 30 First randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Compared to placebo control, genistein (54 mg/day) consumed for 1 year significantly reduced urinary excretion of bone resorption markers and increased bone formation markers at 6 and 12 months BMD was significantly increased at the femoral neck and lumbar spine plasma genistein concentration was around 1.5 pM. HRT showed similar effects to genistein for BMD. 

MORABITO N, CRISAFULLI A, VERGARA C, GAUDIO A, LASCO A, FRISINA N, D ANNA R, CORRADO F, PIZZOLEO M A, CINCOTTA M, ALTAVILLA d, lentile r, squadrito f (2002), Effects of genistein and hormone-replacement therapy on bone loss in early postmenopausal women A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Bone Miner Res 17, 1904-1912. 

The early report by Bradley (1937) on beneficial treatment effects with amphetamine in aggressive, destructive, irritable, and hyperactive boys was repeatedly eonfirmed by double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Significant reductions in aggressive behavior and improvements in social interactions were found after treatment with 10 to 40 mg/day of d- or /-amphetamine for boys and girls, 5 to 14 years of age, who had been diagnosed as... 

Krystal AD, Walsh JK, Laska E, et al. Sustained efficacy of eszopiclone over 6 months of nightly treatment Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in adults with chronic insomnia. Sleep 2003 26 793-799. 

Although many clinical studies have been performed evaluating antibiotics for ABRS, no randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have used pre- and posttreatment sinus aspirate cultures as an outcome measure. Despite this, antibiotics appear to resolve symptoms more quickly and reduce failure rates and complications compared with no treatment.35-37 Since diagnosis usually is based on clinical presentation and not sinus aspirate cultures, clinicians must attempt to differentiate ABRS from viral rhinosinusitis. Therefore, it is important to limit antibiotic use to cases where infection is unlikely to resolve without causing prolonged disease patients with mild to moderate symptoms that persist for 10 days or worsen over 5 to 7 days and patients with severe symptoms,31,34... 

Moss MC, Scholey AB and Wesnes K (1998). Oxygen administration selectively enhances cognitive performance in healthy young adults a placebo-controlled, double blind crossover study. Psychopharmacology, 138, 27-33. 

In addition to ANP where it is associated with GI dys-motility [198, 199], SIBO is present in a significant proportion of patients with chronic pancreatitis [200, 201], Short-term rifaximin therapy was able to normalize the hydrogen breath test and improve symptoms (i.e. diarrhea and fecal fat excretion) in all patients studied (fig. 9) [201]. Bowel decontamination via administration of this topical antibiotic could, therefore, be beneficial in both acute and chronic pancreatitis. Double-blind, placebo-controlled studies are to be performed to explore the rifaximin potential in this indication. 

Pimentel M, Chow EJ, Lin HC Normalization of lactulose breath testing correlates with symptom improvement in irritable bowel syndrome. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Gastroenterol 2003 98 412-419. 

Turunen UM, Farkkila MA, Hakala K, Seppala K, Sivonen A, Ogren M, Vuoristo M, Valtonen VV, Miettinen TA Long-term treatment of ulcerative colitis with ciprofloxacin A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gastroenterology 1998 115 1072-1078. 

The product was evaluated in two multicentre clinical studies that established safety and efficacy. The first (the PRISMS study) was a randomized, double blind placebo-controlled study involving 187 patients. The primary efficacy end-point was the number of clinical relapses recorded. The mean number of relapses over 2 years for the placebo group patients was 2.56, whereas that of the Rebif-treated group was 1.73, a relative reduction of 32 per cent. Rebif treatment also provided positive relative outcomes for several secondary end-points, including the proportion of patients with sustained disability progression. 

Mijatovic V, Netelenbos C, van der Mooren MJ, de Valk-de Roo GW, Jakobs C, Kene-mans P (1998) Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of raloxifene and conjugated equine estrogen on plasma homocysteine levels in healthy postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 70 1085-1089... 

Saitta A, Altavilla D, Cucinotta D, Morabito N, Frisina N, Corrado F, D Anna R, Lasco A, Squadrito G, Gaudio A, Cancellieri F, Arcoraci V, Squadrito F (2001) Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on effects of raloxifene and hormone replacement therapy on plasma no concentrations, endothelin-1 levels, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 21 1512-1519... 

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