Controlled seeding

Fig. 6 TEM micrographs of seed coat and aleurone cells of radish control seed 18 h after sowing in water e, epidermis pi, pigment layer al, aleurone layer. (A) Bar = 30 pm Particulars of the aleurone cell showing some organelles nucleus (n), plasmodesmata (pd), protein bodies (pb) and lipid droplets (Id). (B, C). Bar = 5 mm. 

Figures 4e and 4f show OCT images of two control seeds after 60 minutes when turgescence has started. Similar to the GMF seeds, individual structural differences of the seeds are clearly visible here. However, after the same time period the heterogeneous absorption zones (Fig. 4f) are less expressed than in the GMF seeds (Fig. 4d). The bright area corresponding to highly scattering regions (Fig. 4d) is narrower (about 100 im) in the control than in GMF seeds (about 200 pm). Thus OCT imaging of barley seeds can distinctly visualize water absorption processes within the first hour, as well as, individual variations in different seeds. The variations reflect the phenomenon of biological variability of seeds at the tissue level.

After 10 minutes Ten minutes after the water absorption has started, the process of differentiation of water absorbing layers is faster in GMF seeds (Fig. 6e) than in control seeds (Fig. 6f). The highly scattering layers are larger,... 

Bioassays are performed under sterile conditions in a laminar flow hood. Tomato seeds are previously washed and disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite. Seeds are germinated in the Petri dishes containing the S. deppei aqueous leachate. For control, seeds are germinated in 1% agar. Twelve seeds are placed on each Petri dish and kept in the dark at 27°C in a growth chamber. For enzyme activities, 40-50 Petri dishes are used per treatment. Primary roots (radicles) are excised after 72 h, frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept at -70 °C until use. For root growth response, experiments... 

Perhaps the least understood of the five loci that control seed coat color in soybean is the O locus [10, 11]. The O locus only affects the phenotype of brown... 

Light microscopy of radish radicles from a control seed after 16 h imbibition (a, c) and from a seed treated with 1 14-diluted reverse osmosis fraction, 46 h after imbibition. The root from the treated seed (b) is much shorter and coarser than the control (a). Cell expansion is strongly inhibited in the treated root (d) relative to the control (c). 

Electron microscopy of radish radicle, a) and b) Details of cortical cells from radicles of 2 h-imbibed control seeds, (a) Note the abundance of protein reserves in protein bodies (PB) and lipid reserves in the peripheral cytoplasm (arrows), (b) Numerous mitochondria (M) are visible among lipid bodies (L). (c-e) Details of cells from radicles of 16 h-imbibed control seeds, (c) Cortical parenchyma cells. The protein bodies have converted into normal vacuoles (V) and lipid reserves have been partially depleted, (d) Detail of epidermal cell showing a plastid (P) containing starch deposits (S). (e) Detail of cortical cell, showing several mitochondria (M) and a microbody (Mb). 

Electron microscopy of radish radicle. Details of columella cells from 16 h-control seed (a) and seed treated with 1/14-diluted reverse osmosis fraction (b-d). (a) Columella cells in the control are distinctly polarized and contain large amyloplasts (arrows). Nucleus (N). (b) Columella cells in treated roots are not polarized and contain no amyloplasts. The numerous electron-transparent vesicles are swollen mitochondria (M). (c) Detail showing swollen mitochondria (M) and starch-less plastids (P). (d) High magnification of swollen mitochondria showing the two-membrane envelope (arrows). 

Radish seeds were treated with RO fraction at dilutions 1 8, 1 10 and 1 14 as described above and were processed for electron microscopy 46 h after the start of the treatment. Roots from control seeds, moistened with distilled water, were fixed after 2, 16 and 46 h in order to get several developmental stages as references for treated seeds. The root apex, about 1 mm long, was cut under a dissecting microscope from at least 10 seeds and fixed in the primary fixative for 2 h at room temperature under mild vacuum. Since the control seeds had not yet started germination after 2 h imbibition and nearly 100% of the seeds treated with 1 8-diluted had not germinated after 46 h, in these two cases the seed integument was cut open with a razor blade in order to dissect the root. 

Kumakiri I. Preparation and permeation mechanism of zeolite membranes. PhD Dissertation, The University of Tokyo, Japan, 2000. Pera-Titus M, Llorens J, Cunill F, MaUada R, and Santamaria J. Preparation of zeolite NaA membranes on the inner side of tubular supports by means of a controlled seeding technique. Catal Today, 2005, 104 281-287. 

The seeds of the inoculated and control plants were subjected to HPLC Analysis for the Silymarin contents and the seeds from the inoculated plants were found to have silymarin contents 1.88 % while the control seeds were having 1.77 %. There is a marginal increase in the silymarin contents as a result of inoculation. The weight of 1000 seeds from inoculated plants was higher by 14.25% to than the control plants and the amount of the seeds harvested... 

FIGURE 11.7. Piclamilast and equation used for controlled seeding... 

Goals To grow large crystals with acceptable filtration properties Issues Controlled seeding and distillation rates... 

Pilot plant vessel to include variable-speed drive, subsurface addition at impeller, online measurement devices, variable-temperature jacket services, controlled seed addition as slurry, antisolvent/reagent addition at controlled rate. 

Li, C., P. Ni, M. Francki, A. Hunter, Y. Zhang, D. Schibeci, H. Li, etal. 2004. Genes controlling seed dormancy and pre-harvest sprouting in a rice-wheat-barley comparison. Fund Integr Genomics 4 84—93. 

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