Seed size reduction

Size Reduction of Oilseeds. The extraction of oil from oilseeds, either by mechanical pressing or by solvent extraction, proceeds more efficiently if the seed is first flaked or ground. Opinion is divided whether grinding or flaking is more effective in rupturing the oil cells. Flaked oilseeds yield a large fraction of easily extractable oil on treatment with solvents and a smaller fraction (usually 10-30% of the total oil) that is difficult to extract (30, 31). The former fraction was presumed to come from ruptured oil cells. It has been shown (32), however, that some seeds (like... 

Many diseases and insects through premature senescence or plant death can indirectly affect soybean seed quality. Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, attacks soybean leaves primarily, but not seed, leading to defoliation and early senescence. Yield losses are due to a reduction in seed number and seed size. Seed size losses of 12 to 20% can occur (Arias et al., 2005 Dupleich et al., 2005). 

Size reduction or flaking is carried out on decorticated seed to produce a flake thickness of 0.3-0.4 mm. The cooking operation has a residence time of about 40 min with a final temperature of 95-105 C. About 5-7% moisture in the cooked meats is generally sufficient for good pre-press operation. 

Although rotor-stator devices are not considered highly energy intensive relative to some types of solids size-reduction devices, they are sometimes employed when more controlled size reduction is desired, especially when it is desirable to minimize the production of fines. One example of such use is the conditioning of seed particles for crystallization operations when the seed is a portion of the previous batch ( heel crystallization). 

The basic seed processing plant design is based on 70% removal of the sulfur contained in the coal used (Montana Rosebud), which satisfies NSPS requirements. Virtually complete sulfur removal appears to be feasible and can be considered as a design alternative to minimize potential corrosion problems related to sulfur in the gas. The estimated reduction in plant performance for complete removal is on the order of 1/4 percentage point. The size of the seed processing plant would have to be increased by roughly 40% but the corresponding additional cost appears tolerable. The constmction time for the 500 MW plant is estimated to be ca five years. 

Crystallization remains the primary means of controlling the polymorphic or solva-tomorphic state of a compound, and various groups have examined the influences of processing parameters on the identity and quality of the isolated form. Seeding was used to reduce the size of the metastable zone of eflucimibe, and thereby control the identity of the desired polymorphic identity of the product through a reduction in concomitant crystallization [16], Process improvements have been developed that were found to improve the filterability and enhance the bulk density of ranitidine Form-1 [17], while the variation of process parameters used in an oscillatory baffled crystallizer enabled better selection to be made between the metastable a- and /i-forms of (z.)-glutamic acid [18]. 

An alteration of the balance between pine and oak, a change in squirrel populations, or a reduction in any of the mast crops brought about by oxidant air pollution obviously could have a major impact on this forest, particularly on tree reproduction and successional patterns. Reduction in conifer seed crops as a result of air pollution has been suggested in other forests, where cone production was lowered and size, weight, and germination ability of the seeds were reduced. ... 

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