Seed numbers

Seed Number CFSTR Run Number Average Fraction Dead Polymer,... 

As mentioned previously, scale-up of crystallization processes from the laboratory is far from straightforward. Various parameters need to be maintained to be as close to those used in the laboratory as possible in order to reproduce the results from the laboratory. For scale-up, supersolubility, agitation (and its effect on secondary nucleation throughout the vessel), fraction of solids in the slurry, seed number and sizes, contact time between growing crystals and liquid all need to be maintained. 

Seed yield in cucurbits is seldom investigated because commercial production of the carbohydrate-rich fruit is the major concern. Wide variations in sizes and weights of seeds, numbers of seeds per fruit and even numbers of fruits per plant seems the rule, particularly in wild plants and even within one species (7). Estimations from limited observations of C. foetidissima, Z. digitata and C. palmata growing wild in desert areas indicate theoretical yields Trom ot) to 3,000 lb of seeds per acre ( ,9h C. foetidissima cultivated in northwestern Texas yields approximately 700 to 2,000 lb of seeds per acre (10). C. pepo (pumpkin) produces up to 1,200 lb per acre and an improved seed-coatless line yields from 1,200 to 1,400 lb of seed per acre ( , 11). These yields are comparable to yields of oilseeds of commerce. 

Aniszewski, T., Kupari, M. H. and Leinonen, A. J. 2001. Seed number, seed size and seed diversity in the Washington lupine Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.) Annals of Botany, 87 77-82. 

Penetration pressure Seed Number of penetrated features Penetrated porosity Minimum diameter (tJim) Maximum diameter (pm)... 

Many diseases and insects through premature senescence or plant death can indirectly affect soybean seed quality. Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, attacks soybean leaves primarily, but not seed, leading to defoliation and early senescence. Yield losses are due to a reduction in seed number and seed size. Seed size losses of 12 to 20% can occur (Arias et al., 2005 Dupleich et al., 2005). 

Here 256 out of 1,024 sampling points are selected randomly using the Unix random number generator with different seed numbers, but uniformly spread over the time axis. Figure 1 shows that the deviation from the correct spectrum (L norm) ranges from 95 (worst) to 32 (best). Thus, there is a large variation of fidelity depending on the pick of the seed number. 

In the left panel we use the sampling schedule with the best seed number as found in the data shown in Fig. 1. At the right side we use the seed numbers of the least favorable reconstruction. Thus, the two panels span the range of reconstruction fidelity consistent with the analysis of Eig. 1. The performance of the sampling schedules is most different for the least favorable seed numbers. 

As it has been discussed in the literature, we also compare the performance of straight Fourier transformation FFT on the NUS synthetic four-line spectrum in Fig. 3. We used the schedules obtained with the best seed numbers as in Fig. 2a and leave the missing time domain data points at zero value. The traces presented in Fig. 3 show that the artifacts due to the sampling schedules and lack of reconstruction are severe and mask the small peaks. However, the intense line is readily observable. Thus, straight Fourier transformation may be an option if one is only concerned with very intense peaks, such as methyl resonances in a protein, and weak peaks are of little concern. This treatment of NUS data may be useful for a quick inspection of an NUS data set to find out whether an experiment has worked. However, it should be followed by a reconstruction effort to retrieve best the full information content of the NUS data. 

Each NUS data set selected for the seed number that gave the smallest value was combined with each of the 100 noise spectra and then FM reconstructed. The data were then processed with cosine apodization in both dimensions, including the... 

NONMEM provides a great deal of flexibility in simulation options. The user manuals contain most of the details required. In short, the S1MULAT10N record and the seed number initiates the process. The order of the simulation statement before or after the ESTIMATION record will dictate whether data supplied are to be ht or simulated. The subproblems option dehnes the number of unique prohles to be simulated for a given set of subject identihers and design points. The data hie essentially contains the skeleton of the prohle to be simulated (i.e., sampling points and covariate details are specihed) with the DV held essentially a placeholder for the simulated... 

KENO V.a calculated results for different starting seed numbers.22... 

Makkar HPS, Becker K (2009) Jatropha curcas, a promising crop for the generation of biodiesel and value-added coproducts. Fur J Lipid Sd Technol 111 773-787 Makkar HPS, Martrnez-Herrera J, Becker K (2008) Variations in seed number per fruit, seed physical peuameters and contents of oil, protein and phorbol ester in toxic and non-toxic genotypes of Jatropha curcas. J Plant Sd 3 260-265 Maness PC, Smolinski S, Blake DM, Huang Z, Wolfrum EJ, Jacoby WA (1999) Bactericidal activity of photocatalytic 1102 reaction toward an understemding of its killing mechanism. Appl Environ Microbiol 65 4094- 098... 

Fig. 4 Cation radial probability density functions. Each line is the average of 5 plots from different GCMC runs where the random A1 locations were all the same but the seed numbers were different. Note that the distributions do not differ substantially between when carbon dioxide is present and when it is not. In both cases, there is a peak near ztao corresponding to the S8R site and another much further away corresponding to cations on the S6R site. However, while the distribution of cations in the S6R is essentially unchanged, there is a small shift in the distribution of cations in the S8R when carbon dioxide is present The jnobability of a cation being between 1-2 A from the center of the ring is smaller while around 3 A the probability is largta than in the absence of the adsorbate...

In order to emulate in vivo conditions, the filters can be coated with endothelial cells. This protocol uses EA.hy-926 cells, but others, such as HMEC-1, can be used. For each ceU line, the seeding number and media used will vary. 

To produce crystals with a mean diameter X and a narrow particle size distribution, control of the seed number is necessary. A crystal size density distribution, i. e., a balance for the number of crystals in each size... 

Our studies showed that clover eultivar from Belarus SL-38 and T-46 after introduction to foothill zone displayed high indices of productivity, though they yielded in seed number to wild samples Dargavski and Gomaya Saniba. 

FIGURE 16.6 Seed number in inflorescences of red clover samples, %. 

Introduced from Belarus cultivars Yaskravy, Minskiy Mutant, Ustodlivy had nearly the same productivity, which didn t exceed the level of standard. Plants of cultivar Yaskravy had small height and seed number in inflorescences, while in cul-tivar Ustodlivy the latter index didn t exceed 13%. Apparently, introduced cultivars SibNIIK-10, Yaskravy, Minskiy Mutant and Ustodlivy for their economic and biological traits don t suit as initial samples for creation of hayfield-pasture cultivars in conditions of North Ossetia - Alania, because they lack sufficient adaptation reserves allowing them to adjust to ecological-geographic and climatic conditions of particular locality. 

Productivity of green mass of wild clover samples Gomaya Saniba and Dargavs-ki is lower in comparison with introduced cultivars, but they have higher percent of seed number in inflorescences, which is an adaptive reaction to sharp variation of meteo-climatic factors in the highlands. 

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