Searchable

Publications of this kind are described as non-original. They are abstracting services and handbooks that catch the primary literature, condense the important contents, and make this information available (searchable). Secondary literature is not evaluated and is provided in both printable and electronic forms. Examples are Gmelin, Beilstein, Citations Chemisches Zentralblatt, Chemical Abstracts, or Science Citation Index handbooks include Houben-Weyl, and Landolt Bomstein. 

Besides such textual databases that provide bibhographic information, sequence databases have attained an even more important role in biochemistry. Sequence databases are composed of amino add sequences of peptides or proteins as well as nudeotide sequences of nudeic acids. The 20 amino adds are mostly represented by a three-letter code or by one letter according to the biochemical conventions) the four nudeic adds are defined by a one-letter code. Thus the composition of a biochemical compound is searchable by text retrieval methods. 

The definitions of MDL s 166 MACCS search keys can be found in the ISIS/ Base help file, section 49.2.4 Specifying searchable keys as a query. 

What is needed for progress in achieving a deeper insight into biochemical pathways is to allow all this information to be searchable by electronic means in other words, it has to be stored in a reaction database. 

All this information is now directly. searchable. All chemical species can be searched not only by name, but also by structure and substructure, and by their role in a reaction. Reactions can be searched by all the species involved but also by the types of atoms and bonds contained in the reaction center,... 

CAS/STlS[Interna.tiona.1. CAS/STN offers stmcture searchable files such as Registry, Beilstein, MARPAT, CASREACT, and Gmelin a variety of learning files, eg, LRegistry, LBeHstein, LMARPAT, and LCASREACT and software products such as STN Express for on-line stmcture and substmcture searching. Chemical Abstracts Service, a division of the American Chemical Society, has pubHshed Chemical Abstracts since 1907 and joindy operates STN International with EIZ Kadsmhe and the Japan Information Center of Science and Technology. 

Beilstein Handbook of Organic Chemistry. This reference (55) is one of the most significant collections of data in organic chemistry. The physical and chemical properties of organic compounds are tabulated in more than 500 fields. Most of these fields are searchable, and a sample of the record for chlorobenzene [108-90-7] is shown in Table 3. 

Miscellaneous. NIST has a reference database of criticaUy evaluated x-ray photoelectron and Auger spectral data, which is designed to mn on PCs. It is searchable by spectral lines as weU as by element, line energy, and chemical data (82). The Nuclear Quadrapole Resonance Spectra Database at Osaka University of over 10,000 records is avaUable in an MS-DOS version (83). The NCLl system, SDBS, has esr and Raman spectra, along with nmr, ir, and ms data, as described. 

CS4JSI/SND. The Canadian Scientific Numeric Database Service (CAN/ SND) is provided by the Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (ClSTl), a division of the National Research Council of Canada. It contains 140,000 ir spectra of 96,000 compounds. Entries consist of peak locations and some intensities. This system is searchable on-line using the SPIR (Search Program for Infrared Spectra) (85). Table 9 summarizes the available databases in the area of spectra. 

Toyohashi University H-nmr 4,000 PC-based full spectmm searchable... 

University of Vienna 13/ C-nmr 16,000 PPC-based CSEARCH MACCS, ISIS searchable... 

U.S. Patents. This file, produced by Derwent, Inc., covers U.S. patents from 1971 to the present. The database iacludes all bibliographic and front page information and the text of all claims. (Prom 1971 to 1974 the claims from many patents were not available from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) source tapes, and therefore are not iacluded.) The complete cl aim text can be searched from 1971 but can be ptinted only from 1982. Tides and patentee names are present ia their original form, aeither expanded nor standardized. There is no enhanced iadexiag. Examiner citations are directly searchable, and USPTO classification is updated when the tapes are received from the Patent Office. 

CLAIMS BIBLIO iacludes an abstract and claim ia additioa to basic bibliographic information for chemical and chemically related U.S. patents from 1950 and for all patents from 1963. AH claims are searchable and ptintable from 1971 claims for many patents are not avaHable from 1971 to 1974. Prom 1972, many tides have been enhanced with additional keywords to describe the iavention more clearly and to iadicate the presence of a drawiag chemical stmctures have beea coaverted so that they display ia linear format. Many company names have been standardized, and USPTO classification is updated aimuaHy to reflect reclassification projects. 

CLAIMS CITATION iacludes examiner citatioas (prior refereaces cited duriag prosecutioa of the pateat appHcatioa) agaiast aH W.S. pateats from 1947. Citatioas are aot directly searchable ia the three bibhographic files. 

JAPIO. This database is produced by the Japan Patent Information Organization and is based on the Patent Abstracts of Japan provided by the Japanese Patent Office. The database is updated monthly and contains all Kokai Tokyo Kobo (pubUshed unexamined patent appHcations) pubUshed as of October 1976. Records appear ia JAPIO approximately six months after pubhcation of the unexamined patent appHcation. English language abstracts are provided for the majority of appHcations filed by Japanese appHcants. AppHcations by non-Japanese appHcations do not have abstracts, but bibliographic information is iacluded. Searchable fields iaclude the International Patent Office Classification and JAPIO classification (96). 

Chemical Substructure Databases. Several patent databases are searchable by chemical substmcture (99). These are designed to give higher relevance of retrieval when searching chemical compounds than the bibHographic or full-text databases. 

OG/PLUS USPTO Research PubHcations CD-ROM versioa of the USPTO Official Gazette covers 1990—preseat iacludes searchable subfiles PATENTS ISSUED, images of O.G. pages searchable by bibHographic fields and first page abstract PATENT STATUS Ede, track-iag post-issuance actions, eg, reexaminations, corrections and LITALERT, containing records of patent suits filed by U.S. District Courts with the USPTO updated monthly six disks/year... 

CA File, CAPlus, CA Previews STN Chemical Abstracts Service international, chemistry limited bibhographic data comprehensive English language abstracts deep indexing of chemical concepts stmcture-searchable compound registry chemical stmcture drawings... 

MARPAT, MARPAT Previews STN Chemical Abstracts Service international, chemistry stmcture-searchable Markush formulas in addition to other data searchable in the CA FUe, CAPlus, or CA Previews... 

Besides the worldwide WPI database, Derwent provides on the ORBIT system the USPatents database, a bibhographic file of patent front page and cl aim information for U.S. patents since 1971. Derwent also produces a biotechnology database, GENESEQ, that indexes sequence stmetures of proteins or nucleic acids disclosed specifically or genetically in patents. This database is searchable with special sequence software on the InteUiGenetics system, and is a new addition to STN s database catalog. 

Citations appear in patents as weU as in the journal Hterature, and it has been proposed that they, too, should become searchable to provide different types of usefiil information, such as research trends and estimates of the effectiveness of research organizations. Elaborate techniques for using citation data for such analyses have been developed (19,20). However, citations found in patents can differ in a number of ways from Hterature citations and these differences can strongly color search results (21,22). 

Full-Text Patent Databases. The LEXPAT database on the LEXIS— NEXIS system, the first commercially available full-text patent file, receives its greatest use from patent attorneys and has been relatively unused by other patent information speciaUsts. This may be attributed to search software that is quite different from the type familiar to information speciaUsts, no matter what their preferred host system. This situation has changed with dialog s release of the PATEULL files followed by STN s USPATEULL, both searchable by familiar Boolean techniques and featuring greater... 

Visit gopher //quasar.tach.net 3020/71/msds. This is the Vermont state SIRI Web. You will find a searchable (manufacturer or product name) gopher index of MSDSs. 

Visit htq) //www-portfolio.stanford.edu/100369. This is Stanford University general chemical safety information from their Portfolio Information System. Also included are storage groups for compatible segregation of chemicals. Chemicals are searchable by scrolling to the end of the section titled Chemical Safety and entering the chemical name. Then select that chemical or other chemical with that chemical root as part of its name. 

Visit http //msds.pdc.comell.edu/msdssrch.asp. This site, operated by Cornell University, has a searchable database of MSDS files. 

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