Sample container, steel

Bureau of Analysed Samples Nickel Steel, No. 222 is suitable this steel contains about 3.5 per cent of nickel (BCS-CRM 222/1, ECRM 154/1). 

A stainless steel column (4.6 mm internal diameter by 250 mm length) packed with 4 micron Zorbax Octadecylsilane (ODS) (Dupont) was equilibrated with 78 % acetonitrile in water at a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min provided by a Spectraphysics, model 8700, pump and controller. The effluent was monitored at 215 nm using a Jasco Uvidec 100 V ultraviolet detector. Peaks were recorded and calculations performed by a Spectraphysics recording integrator, model 4270. Samples, containing 5 mg/ml of material dissolved in p-dioxane, were applied to the column automatically with a Micromeritics autosampler, model 725, equipped with a 10 microliter loop. Some analyses were performed on a Hewlett-Packard HPLC, model 1090, equipped with a diode array detector. 

Averaging Method. A drill rig and auger were used to collect columns of soil from depths of 0 to 6, 0 to 12, 0 to 24, 0 to 36, and 0 to 48 inches. The holes were drilled about one foot apart and the augers decontaminated between holes. Each of the five samples were transferred to a clean, stainless-steel pan and thoroughly blended prior to splitting into the sample containers. 

Normally one can assume that most metallic samples contain elemental traces in a homogeneous distribution. Lead, Bi, Zn, Ag and Sb in steel and nickel-base alloys were determined, first by using the graphite boat technique for routine analysis. Several calibration approaches were studied and it was found that the best results could be obtained by using various amounts of a number of solid alloyed steel or pure iron CRMs and to plot absorbance against concentration of the element sought (Backman and Karlsson 1979). 

The experimental system for measuring the sonoluminescence spectrum of alkali-metal atom emission from an aqueous solution is similar to that for measuring the MBSL spectrum from water. Degassing the solution is an important procedure because the presence of dissolved air affects the emission intensity. In an air-saturated solution, no observation of alkali-metal atom emission has been reported, whereas continuum emission can be observed. A typical experimental apparatus using ultrasonic standing waves is shown in Fig. 13.3 [8]. The cylindrical sample container is made of stainless steel, and its size is 46 mm in diameter and 150 mm in... 

A sample contained in a dropping funnel at 25°C exploded forcefully. Though not sensitive to mechanical shock, it could be detonated by a hot wire when unconfined, or if rapidly heated to 220°C when confined in a stainless steel capillary. 

Another major drawback to this test is that a sensitive material must be energetic enough so that when a sample of 40 cc. is initiated it can blow a hole in a 3/8-inch steel plate mounted atop the sample container. This criteria for detonation is not useful in those cases of low order detonation where considerable energy would be released, but the test plate would indicate that no detonation had occurred. 

The compound (8-10 g) was sealed in a stainless steel sample container with a Teflon gasket. The unit extended down from the manifold and, for temperatures up to 100°C, was immersed in a water bath regulated to 0.1 °C. Wnen higher temperatures were required, the sample container was inserted into a tube furnace regulated to 0.25°C. 

Storage at 4 °C or less is recommended for all samples, and storage at —20 °C or less is recommended for crude and processed extracts. The recommended containers are amber glass bottles with Teflon tops, but Teflon containers may be used for particularly corrosive samples. Stainless steel containers are not considered acceptable because of the potential for sample contamination. Additional research to address optimum storage conditions (temperature, time, and storage containers) that preserve sample integrity is recommended. This study should include research on the storage of raw samples, crude extracts, and processed extracts. 

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS. A gas chromatograph equipped with a hydrogen flame detector is used. Flame ionization detection allows the use of samples containing water. The column is stainless steel (6 ft x 0.25 in. o.d.) packed with 30° Carbowax 20 M on acid-washed 60/80 mesh Chromosorb W. The column was conditioned overnight at 180°C with a flow of nitrogen carrier gas. 

A question frequently asked is the detection limit of this technique. First, all elements of the periodic table can be observed with approximately equal sensitivity 23,62) except hydrogen which does not possess closed electron shells. However, XPS is by no means a trace method and concentrations below 100 ppm certainly cause problems. Fig. 10 exemplifies this with a steel sample containing 250 ppm of niobium and nitrogen. The spectra were obtained in an observation time of 500 sec each and show despite the short accumulation a good signal to noise ratio. On the other hand, if the element to be investigated is enriched on the surface, much lower concentrations than in the bulk material would be sufficient. Even fractions of a monolayer can be observed in the XPS-spectrum. 

Sample containers for subsurface soil sampling stainless steel or brass core barrel liners 6 inches in length with plastic caps... 

ICP-MS has been used for the analysis of many materials, including alloys, steels, nuclear materials, ceramics, superconductors, plastics, polymers, and catalysts. Semiquantitative analysis by ICP-MS is often a convenient method to screen samples for trace elements and impurities. Measurement of impurities can be complicated by sample matrix-dependent degradation of sensitivity, particularly if the samples contain high concentrations of heavy elements that create extensive space-charge-induced ion transmission losses. Matrix matching is complicated by the need for ultrapure materials. 

Sampling tools (scoops and samples containers) should be manufactured from appropriate quality plastic materials or stainless steel. Operators should not wear or carry any jewellery or metallic apparel. 

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