Ultrasonic standing wave

The experimental system for measuring the sonoluminescence spectrum of alkali-metal atom emission from an aqueous solution is similar to that for measuring the MBSL spectrum from water. Degassing the solution is an important procedure because the presence of dissolved air affects the emission intensity. In an air-saturated solution, no observation of alkali-metal atom emission has been reported, whereas continuum emission can be observed. A typical experimental apparatus using ultrasonic standing waves is shown in Fig. 13.3 [8]. The cylindrical sample container is made of stainless steel, and its size is 46 mm in diameter and 150 mm in... 

Fig. 13.3 Experimental apparatus for measuring MBSL spectrum using ultrasonic standing waves...

Spengler, J. F. Jekel, M. Christensen, K. T. Adrian, R. J. Hawkes, J. J. Coakley, W. T., Observation of yeast cell movement and aggregation in a small scale MHz ultrasonic standing wave field, Bioseparation 2000, 9, 329 341... 

Figure 2.24. Ultrasonic standing wave atomization of melt. Top schematic. Bottom photograph. (Courtesy of Prof. Dr-Ing. Klaus Bauckhage at University of Bremen, Germany.)...

In ultrasonic standing wave atomization, increasing the amplitude of the sonotrodes and/or the gas pressure reduces the mass median diameter of the droplets generated.[143]... 

Figure 3.11 An acoustic interferometer of the type used in the author s laboratory (from Nethery [104]). A X-cut quartz crystal, 100-600 KHz B crystal support mount and aligning screws. Optical flat E is attached to a movable reflector D for generation of ultrasonic standing waves. Invar rod F position is read from precision micrometer slide L.

F. Petersson, A. Nilsson, C. Holm, H. Jonsson and T. Laurell, Separation of lipids from blood utilizing ultrasonic standing waves in microfluidic channels. The Analyst, 129, 938-943 (2004). 

Particle separation methods based on the effects on suspended particles of exposure to an ultrasonic standing-wave field have been reported [51]. Carrier medium exchange in a laminar flow microchannel has also been achieved using... 

Applications of Ultrasonic Standing Wave Microresonators to Blood... 

The following section of this chapter will outline several applications of using the Lund method of ultrasonic standing wave particle/cell focusing, where the feature of visual control is of outmost importance. 

With the rapid development of cell-based microfluidic systems in the lab-on-a-chip field, ultrasonic standing wave manipulation and control of cells in microspace can be anticipated to play an increasing role in future microfluidic systems. 

Limaye M.S., Hawkes J.J., and Coakley W.T., Ultrasonic standing wave removal of microorgansims from suspension in small hatch systems, Journal of Microbiological Methods, 27, 211,1996. 

Jonsson H., Holm C., Nilsson A., Petersson F, and Laurell T., Separation by ultrasonic standing waves can ameliorate brain damage after cardiac surgery. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 78,1572-1578, 2005. 

WMund M., Giinther C., Lemor R., Jager M., Fuhr G, and Hertz H.M., Ultrasonic standing wave manipulation technology integrated into a dielectrophoretic chip. Lab on a Chip, 6, 1537, 2006. 

Ultrasonic standing wave (USW) manipulatiOTi is a simple and useful method for handling, separating, and concentrating large groups of cells. A USW creates a pressure node that will attract particles or cells. As with DEP, a cell can experience either an attractive or repulsive acoustic force depending on its material parameters. This can be used either to trap objects locally over an ultrasonic transducer, concentrate them within a fluidic channel, or separate different types of objects from each other. Successful separation of human erythrocytes from human lipid vesicles has been reported (Fig. 5). 

It is well known that the ultrasonic standing wave can exert forces on particles and have been used in many fields including chemical and materials engineering to separate or enrich suspended particles in a medium at well-defined positions. The force produced by ultrasonic standing waves moves particles to either the pressure node or antinodes of the standing wave depending on the density and compressibility of the particles and the medium. 

Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Particle and Cell Separation, Fig. 9 Demonstration of erythrocyte separation from a mixture of milk and blood using ultrasonic standing waves. MiUc flowing through a microfluidic channel (a) without and (b) with ultrasound turned... 

Haake A, Dual J (2002) Micro-manipulation of small particles by node position control of an ultrasonic standing wave. Ultrasonics 40 317-322... 

Hawkes JJ, Barrow D, Coakley WT (1998) Microparticle manipulation in millimetre scale ultrasonic standing wave chambers. Ultrasonics 36 925-931... 

Limaye MS, Coakley WT (1998) Clariflcation of small volume microbial suspensions in an ultrasonic standing wave. J Appl Microbiol 84 1035-1042... 

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