Salmonella testing genetic

Quercetin (2) is easily the most active flavonol in the Salmonella test, yet it is at least an order of magnitude less potent than such familiar mutagens as benz[a]pyrene and chrysene. Quercetin, galangin (6), kaempferol (7) and rhamnetln (3) are more or less active in several other in vitro tests designed to detect genetic toxicity. For example, quercetin has been shown to transform hamster embryo cells (kaempferol did not)... 

Liber, H.L. (1985) Mntation tests with Salmonella nsing 8-azaguanine resistance as the genetic marker. Prog. Mutat. Res., 5, 213-216... 

Liber, H.L. (1985) Mutation tests with Salmonella using 8-azaguaiune resistance as the genetic marker. In Ashby, J., de Serres, F.J., Draper, M., Ishidate, M., Jr, Margolin, B.H., Matter, B.E. Shelby, M.D., eds. Progress in Mutation Research, Volume 5, Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogens. Report of the International Programme on Chemical Safety s Collaborative Study on in vitro Assays, Amsterdam, Elsevier Science, pp. 213-216... 

Skopek, T.R., Andon, B.M., Kaden. D.A. Thilly, W.G. (1981) Mutagenic activity of 42 coded compounds using 8-azaguanine resistance as a genetic marker in Salmonella typhimurium. In de Serres, F.J. Ashby, J., eds. Evaluation ofShort-Temi Tests for Carcinogens. Report of the International Collaborative Program (Progress in Mutation Research, Vol. 1), Amsterdam, Elsevier, pp. 371-375... 

Salmonella Mutagenicity Test (Ames Test). The methods of bacterial culture, the verification of genetic markers, and the plate incorporation assay were essentially the same as described previously (14, 15). Petri dishes (90 mm) containing about 20 mL of 1.2 Noble agar in minimal Vogel Bonner Medium E supplied with excess biotine and... 

Several bacterial and mammalian short-term tests for genetic toxicity as well as their biochemical and genetic rationale are described in Chapter 21 on toxicity testing. They include the salmonella assay, the Chinese hamster ovary cell/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase assay, the mouse lymphoma assay, the mammalian transformation assay, sister chromatid exchange, and the chromosome aberration assay. 

We list this first, because we believe that it is by far the most important, ttie great developments in shortterm test systems, such as the Salmonella/microsome system, are direct outgrowths of molecular and cellular genetics. These highly effective tests could not have been developed without basic knowledge. Furthermore, individual research workers, not advisory committees, recognized the need for and developed these tests. In our opinion, the most innovative and ultimately the most important advances are likely to come from basic research. 

Ortali VA, Cardamone G, Salvini P, et al. 1977. Mutagenicity of severel chemicals tested in two different systems Salmonella typhimurium and Streptomyces-coelicolor. Atti Assoc Genet Ital 22 53-54. 

Dimethyl ether is inactive in genetic tests including the Salmonella assay (with and without metabolic activation in at least four strains), HPRT reversion in CHO cells, DNA repair/synthesis in rat liver cells, and the sex-linked recessive lethal test in the fruit fly. 

Tests for genetic toxicity (Ames assay using Salmonella typhimurium, mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay, chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes and/or Chinese hamster ovary cells, in vitro unscheduled DNA synthesis assay in primary rat hepatocytes) were all negative. 

Umu-C test. The umu-c test has been standardized and validated by ISO (ISO 13829, 2000) and is based on the use of the genetically engineered bacteria Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535 pSK1002. The test strain was constructed from its precursor, Salmonella typhimurium TA98, a his, tfa, uvrB and lacZ mutant (Ames et al., 1973, 1975 McCann et al., 1975a,b). Genotoxicity effects are... 

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