Safe Commissioning

Some general precautions are only presented here because there will be different procedures for different chemical plants as they will have a variety of process units and machineries. 

Study the observations and results of the mechanical trials. Attend all leaks, any valve not operating smoothly, and any abnormal vibrations in machines such as compressors, and pumps blowers. Change the lubricating oil and grease as per instmctions given in manuals. 

Confirm working of all safety devices, safety interconnections, overload trip settings, working of effluent treatment plant (along with availability of chemicals for treatment) DG sets, cooling systems for reactors and condensers lire fighting pumps, gas detectors, etc. Clean (flush) all the pipelines and ducts. Check all other equipments required for the particular plant. All instmments and process controllers shall be calibrated and tested. 

It is important to start the plant strictly as per instmctions given by designers/ consultants of the plant (after process units have been brought up to reaction conditions by preliminary heating/starting flow of cooling water as required). 

All process units shall be watched carefully—for any leaks, distortion in ducts, tilting of units, abnormal vibrations, development of high pressure or temperature, excessive surface temperatures of units or pipes, strange smells in the plant, copious fumes from chimney, etc. 

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The Consumer Products Safely Commission (CPSC), an independent agency, controls tlie packaging, labeling, and distribution of a broad range of toys, clothes, electronics, and oUier products. 

Regulatory Legislation. In February 1978. the Consumer Products Safely Commission approved changes in ihe FF-3 and FF-5 standards lor children s sleepwear. It eliminated the melt-drip lime limit and coverage for sizes helms I and revised the method of testing the trim. This permits the use of urttreaied 100% nylon and 100% polyester for eltildren s sleepwear. 

All running tests necessary to ensure that the section and components of the plant are ready for operation and safe commissioning. 

In order to ensure safe commissioning of new plant and equipment, a three-part plant acceptance system should be utilised ... 

Planning for safe commissioning is essential a well-planned start-up tends to be a safe one. The degree to which the planning is carried out is dependent on the size of plant or nature of the process. In the past, safety matters were often given... 

Novak, T., Eischer, P., Holz, M., Kieviet, M., Tamandl, T. Safe Commissioning and Maintenance Process for a Safe System. In Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS), pp. 225-232 (2008)... 

A technique called probabiUstic safety assessment (PSA) has been developed to analy2e complex systems and to aid in assuring safe nuclear power plant operation. PSA, which had its origin in a project sponsored by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, is a formali2ed identification of potential events and consequences lea ding to an estimate of risk of accident. Discovery of weaknesses in the plant allows for corrective action. 

Tables 16 and 17 Hst tke analytical test methods for different properties of interest. The Manufacturing Chemists Association, Inc. (MCA) has pubUshed the Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD 63, which describes in detail procedures for safe handling of use of toluene (46). The Interstate Commerce Commission classifies toluene as a flammable Hquid. Accordingly, it must be packaged in authorized containers, and shipping must comply with ICC regulations. Properties related to safe handling are autoignition temperature, 536°C explosive limits, 1.27—7.0 vol % in air and flash point 4.4°C, closed cup.

Competent personnel in conjunction with the manufacturer s maintenance instructions improve safe operation of all plant by means of regular maintenance. Re-commissioning in a safe manner should always follow this. It is particularly important that valves such as safety shut-off valves, non-return valves, etc. are regularly checked for soundness. 

After any maintenance work involving replacement or adjustment of components it is essential that the plant be re-commissioned in a safe way, including dry mns with the gas turned off to ensure that flame failure devices operate correctly and pilot turndown tests to ensure that if the pilot can energize the flame detector then it can also smoothly ignite the main burner. 

The materials selection procedure should take into account the commissioning requirements of all parts of the plant in order not to include any materials that cannot safely be degreased or chemically cleaned. 

Thomas Grey If he has done so, it will be by a commission of the Council s, of which he is a member. If there is some misunderstanding, it may be put right in a moment when I reach London. You will not reach London. Richard Grey, Haute, and Vaughan are all arrested. You will be taken to separate custody in the north, that the King and the realm and the blood royal may be safe. ... 

Selected aspects of safe practice in solids handling are covered below. For additional information, refer to the rules for plant safety prepared by the Expert Commission for Safety in the Swiss Chemical Industry (ESCIS, 1988). While making no mention of fluidization, this source provides many practical suggestions for the avoidance of electrostatic ignition risks in powder handling operations. 

References Guidelines for Safe and Reliable Instrumented Protective Systems, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 2007 ISA TR84.00.04, Guidelines for the Implementation of ANSI/ISA 84.00.01-2004 (IEC 61511), Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society, N.C., 2005 ANSI/ISA 84.00.01-2004, Functional Safety Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process Industry Sector, Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society, N.C., 2004 IEC 61511, Functional Safety Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process Industry Sector, International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland, 2003. 

Safe Automation and ANSI/ISA 84.01-1996 served as significant technical references for the first international standard, IEC 61511, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). In the United States, IEC 61511 was accepted by ISA as ISA 84.00.01-2004, replacing the 1996 standard. In 2004, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) recognized IEC 61511 as a consensus standard for the process industry. IEC 61511 covers the complete process safety management life cycle. With its adoption, this standard serves as the primary driving force behind the work processes followed to achieve and maintain safe operation using safety instrumented systems. 

A ruling has been passed by the European Commission s scientific committee on toxicity, ecotoxicity and the environment, (the CSTEE), that the use of acetyl tributyl citrate as a plasticiser in children s toys is safe. It has also ruled that the current risk assessment models are reliable. Brief details are given in this little article. 

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