Rubber-to-textile adhesion

Use Curing of phenolformaldehyde and resorcinol-formaldehyde resins, rubber-to-textile adhesives, protein modifier, organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, ingredient of highly explosive cyclonite, fuel tablets, rubber accelerator, fungicide, corrosion inhibitor, shrink-proofing textiles, antibacterial. 

Curing of phenolformaldehyde and resor cinolformaldehyde resins. Protein modifier. Organic synthesis. Rubber accelerator. Antibacterial fungicide. Shrink-proofing textiles. Corrosion inhibitor. Manufacturing rubber-to-textile adhesives, pharmaceuticals, high explosives, and fuel tablets. 

Similar high-quality rubber-to-textile adhesion can be obtained with glass and polyester woven fabrics. Also corded fabric (e.g. tyre cord) reacts in a similar manner to give bond strength breaks within rubber (R-R) when diisocyanates, such as MDI, are used as adhesive treatments. 

At the present time, the principal use of vinylpyridine rubbers is in latex form for the treatment of textile fibres to improve rubber-to-textile adhesion in tyres. 

Sulfur dioxide is used in the production of resorcinol, which is used to make RF liquid resin for RFL dips for good rubber-to-textile adhesion. 

Use Resorcinol-formaldehyde resins, dyes, pharmaceuticals, cross-linking agent for neoprene, rubber tackifier, adhesives for wood veneers and rubber-to-textile composites, manufacture of styphnic acid, cosmetics. 

Products and Uses An additive in adhesives (rubber to textile), fungicide, textiles (shrink proofing), and antibacterial. 

ISO 16. 1991, Determination of the adhesion strength of vulcanised rubbers to textile fabrics. ISO 6111. 1981. Analysis of multi-peak traces obtained on determinations of tear strength and adhesion strength. 

Uses Cover coat bonding agent primer aiding adhesion of cured and uncured rubbers to metal and other substrates, providing exc. bond of these rubbers to textiles, glass, and ceramics Features General purpose... 

Terpolymers of butadiene, styrene and vinyl pyridine (75/15/15) have been of some interest in rubber-to-textile bonding, the presence of the vinyl pyridine improving the degree of adhesion as compared with straight SBR latices. 

Some examples in which the mechanical mechanism is important are in the adhesion of polymers (elastomers and rubbers) to textiles. Another example, though somewhat contentious, is the metal plating of a plastic which usually requires a pretreatment to modify the surface topography of the polymer. Usually the increase in adhesion is also attributed to an improved surface force component due to the increased mgosity. 

Of all the MA-based monomers the maleimides and bismaleimides (see Chapter 12) would appear to offer the greatest potential for future commercial exploitation. The maleimide residue helps to improve the heat and chemical resistance, as well as raise the glass transition temperature, of polymeric materials.Bismaleimides are also known to improve the adhesion of rubber to textile fibers, giving improved vulcanizates. The N-phenyl-maleimide copolymers would appear to hold particular promise as new materials. 

Certain textile fabrics, such as polyester or aramid, possess low surface activity and many times require a special isocyanate or epoxy pretreatment under tension, in much the same manner that the RFL is applied afterwards. So with polyester or aramid cord, two successive dipping operations may be necessary in order to achieve good rubber-to-fabric adhesion. 

An aqueous solution of RF resin is used with different rubber latexes to make the RFL dip needed to treat the textile cord to allow it to achieve rubber-to-cord adhesion during the curing process. It is the RF resin portion of the RFL dip that is responsible for the good adhesion with the textile cord. 

RF resin has been used to achieve good rubber-to-textile cord adhesion since 1938. There are very few alternatives, and the substitutes have not really been proven viable in the long term. 

Styrene butadiene vinylpyridine latex (SBVPL) is the most popular rubber latex used to make RFL dips to achieve good rubber-to-fabric adhesion. Usually SBVPL is used for good adhesion between textile cord and rubber compounds based on general-purpose elastomers (NR, SBR, and BR). Occasionally other latexes besides SBVPL are used as well. For example, sometimes natural rubber latex is used for an RFL dip. Then again, neoprene latex can also be used, especially if the rubber compound is based on neoprene. The purpose of the rubber latex component of the RFL is to promote adhesion with the rubber matrix of the product. 

Resorcinol reacts with formaldehyde to produce a liquid RF resin, which is used in the preparation of an REE dip to treat textile fabric to achieve good rubber-to-fabric adhesion. 

Results obtained by Van Ooij in his ESCA studies on the composition of interfaces between rubber and brass" confirm that cobalt salts and HRH form essentially the same inter-facial products with a standard brass surface. Therefore, the mechanism of brass-rubber bonding must be the same for both bonding systems and differences in adhesion values must be explained by a modification of rubber properties (crosslink density, cure rate, modulus, etc.) or the rate of brass attack. Clearly, adhesion of brass to HRH-NR compounds cannot be explained on the basis of hydrogen bonds with the substrate, as in rubber-to-textile bonding. 

Adhesion of rubber to textile material is improved by impregnation with resorcinol compound dissolved in mineral spirit. Textile sheet-like structure is impregnated with an antimicrobial active ingredient solution. The solvent is selected from aliphatic alcohols, aromatic alcohols, glycols and water. ... 

A mixture of rubber latex and resorcinol-formaldehyde resin used to treat man-made and synthetic textiles to improve rubber/textile adhesion. 

One component of a terpolymer of butadiene, styrene and vinyl pyridine used in latex form to promote good adhesion between rubber and textiles, particularly rayon and nylon. Viscoelasticity... 

ISO 36 1999 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of adhesion to textile fabric... 

In Japan, pilot plant quantities of rayon and cotton grafted with styrene and other monomers have been prepared and evaluated. Improvements in the flex abrasion resistance and good water repellency were obtained. In addition, thermoplasticity was imparted plus an improved adhesion to rubber. Arthur et al. have also studied this type of grafted cellulose fibers. Again, the work has not led to any large scale developments. Research into grafting to textiles is continuing, but the prospects for any early successful industrialization seem remote. 

Polyamide (nylon) Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone 1. Abrasion. Grit or vapor blast or abrade with 100-grit emery cloth followed by solvent degreasing. 2. Prime with a spreading dough based on the type of rubber to be bonded in an admixture with isocyanate. 3. Prime with resorcinol formaldehyde adhesives. Sand or steel shot is suitable abrasive Suitable for bonding polyamide textiles to natural and synthetic rubbers Good adhesion to primer coat with epoxy adhesives in metal-to-plastic joints... 

EP4802-75. [Lord] Two-component adhesive for bonding thermoplastic polyolefin elastomers to textiles, leadier, cured rubber. 

Agesperse. [CPS] Polyacrylic acids and salts dispersant emulsifier, stabilizer to pgments in paints, coadngs. ca t backcoating, paper, rubber, mining, textiles, ceramic slip, detergents, boiler and cooling water compds., adhesives. 

Only types (l)-(4) fall within the scope of this chapter. No further reference will be made to emulsion-polymerized prolybutadiene rubbers, because they are now of little industrial significance relative to the styrene-butadiene rubbers. Poly(vinyl chloride) is discussed elsewhere in this book. Brief reference will also be made in this chapter (Section 15.5) to the production and properties of carboxylated variants of styrene-butadiene rubber latexes. It may also be noted that latexes of rubbery terpolymers of styrene, vinyl pyridine and butadiene, produced by emulsion polymerization, have long been of considerable industrial importance for the specialized application of treating textile fibres (e.g., tyre cords) in order to improve adhesion between the fibres and a matrix of vulcanized rubber in which they are subsequently to be embedded. 

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