Textiles, sheet-like

Adhesion of rubber to textile material is improved by impregnation with resorcinol compound dissolved in mineral spirit. Textile sheet-like structure is impregnated with an antimicrobial active ingredient solution. The solvent is selected from aliphatic alcohols, aromatic alcohols, glycols and water. ... 

Metallized textiles are studied as a means to improve radar screens, making them more sensitive to small objects. The ability to be seen by radar is greatly increased by sheet-like materials containing thin layers of metallized fibers. Bayer has developed an acrylic filament yarn of 238 dtex, which gives radar reflectance of as much as 90%. The fiber is coated with a 0.02-2.5 pm layer of nickel by a currentless wet-chemical disposition process [684,685]. Other metallized fibers have been developed based on palladium [686]. 

Impinging jet dryers are employed in the case of sheet-like materials such as cardboard, folio, polymer film, paper, textile, and veneer. Hot gas impinges from an array of nozzles onto the good. This process creates high diying rates. Sometimes the good is transported on a substrate and heated from below as well. It may also be transported on air cushions. 

Textile can take up a lot of moisture, but the paper tissue on the window sill can take up even more it still feels dry with four times its own weight of water. An estimate of the density of the roll tells you that over 90% of the volume consists of air. It is not easy to make a structure like that. The tissue takes up water rapidly, but the capillary rise is limited to about twelve centimetres as a simple experiment shows. You need to understand capillary flow if you want to improve such products. You do not see much under the microscope, but where two sheets have been torn apart you can see the separate cellulose fibres. They are about 10 am thick. 

With the exception of glass and mineral fiber products, and, like rubbers and plastics, textiles are largely hydrocarbon polymers and as such have a strong tendency to ignite and burn from a small flame. Textiles are essentially sheets of woven, knitted, or sometimes randomly orientated fibers and may be directly used on their own or in combination with other materials, e.g., coated fabrics, or as reinforcement, e.g., in rubber hoses. Other examples of textile products are upholstered furniture and protective clothing. 

Kalliala and Nousiainen (1999) have studied LCA of hotel textiles, which include bed sheets, towels, etc. They have compared the life cycle of bed sheets made of 100% cotton and 50/50 polyester/cotton blend. They have also compared different products like double bed sheets, organic bleached material, etc. The following figures (Figures 9.16—9.18) show the energy consumption and environmental impacts of different types of products used in hotel textiles. It was observed that production of polyester... 

As part of the discussion on the use of textile construction membranes, it should be made clear what happens at end-of-Ufe for materials used so far for building construction. Thermoplastic membrane components like PVC can be processed after each utilization period under certain conditions and be supplied for reuse in the raw material cycle. Leading European manufacturers of PVC/PES membranes and roofing sheets have united in order to recycle post-consumer waste, disused membranes and PVC materials (ref. Vinyl) in most modem plants with approved thermo-physical procedures. The output of this recycling process is then used for new products. An important factor in the operation of these and other environmental raw-material recovery procedures is logistics, which includes the materials being carefully prepared and sorted prior to delivery. The processing plants are potentially able to achieve a turnover of more than one ton per hour (ref. recovinyl). 

In recent years, the hygiene market has ascribed to a three-point holy grad that defines product success form, fit, and function. The form has been achieved through the incorporation of superabsorbents (M Polymer Technologies, 2008), which make products thinner, and textile-like back sheets, which make them softer. Fit continues to be honed... 

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