Sodium abietate

Sodium-1,2,3,4a,4b,5,6,10,1 Qa Decahydro-1,4a-Dimethyl- 7-( 1 -Methylethyl) Phenan threne-1-Carboxylate (Sodium Abietate). 

Aluminium abietate, 3917 Calcium abietate, 3900 Lead abietate, 3902 Manganese abietate, 3901 Sodium abietate, 3805 Zinc abietate, 3903... 

When the viscosities of air-entrained pastes were measured by the same means, the results shown in Fig. 3.7 were obtained for sodium abietate at 0.05% by weight of cement. It can be seen that the magnitude of the effect due to the presence of the admixture itself is small in relation to the effect of the air it causes to be entrained. 

Fig. 3.6 Viscosities of cement pastes containing varying concentrations of surface active agents in the absence of entrained air (Bruere). 1 = sodium dodecyl sulfate 2 = sodium abietate 3 = petroleum sulfonate 4 = phenol ethoxylate.

Fig. 3.7 The viscosity of a cement paste containing sodium abietate in the presence of entrained air (Bruere).

Fig. 3.12 Comparison of the air-entraining capacities of sodium and calcium abietates. O = sodium abietate dissolved in mixing water and added to cement = made with filtrates from mixtures of sodium abietate and cement paste extract (Bruere). 

Sodio-5-(5 -nitro-2 -furfurylideneamino)imidazolidin-2,4-dione, 2903 Sodium abietate, 3799 Sodium acetate, 0775... 

Aluminium abietate, 3911 Calcium abietate, 3894 Lead abietate, 3896 Manganese abietate, 3895 Sodium abietate, 3799 Zinc abietate, 3897... 

Cement Surface area Sodium abietate Time for 100 rev. Increase in... 

Fig. 3.8 Variations of air-entraining capacities of surface active agents in cement pastes with varying concentrations of agents (Bruere). 1=sodium dodecyl sulfate 2=sodium tetradecyl sulfate 3=sodium abietate.

The sodium abietate, the salt of abietic acid produced from natural pine tree resin, was used as the air entraining agent. The anionic admixtures, mainly alkylaiylsul-phonates, sodium oleate, as well as the non-ionic surfactants such as nonylphe-nolethoxylate are more and more frequently used. This surfactant is efficient air entrainer but does not perform well in freeze-thaw durability tests [358]. 

Among the anionic surfactants the sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, sodium sodium oleate sulphate and sodium oleate are the most widely used (Fig. 6.108). The sodium dodecyl-benzene-sulphonate and sodium abietate are very effective and a very low content, about 0.005 % by mass of cement is sufficient to give the air content on the level about 5 %. 

Rosin soap. See Sodium abietate Sodium rosinate... 

Sodium Hyaluronate Bio. See Sodium hyaluronate Sodium abietate... 

Sodium abietate. See Sodium rosinate Sodium acetate (INCI). See Sodium acetate anhydrous... 

PEG-8 PEG-9 PEG-12 PEG-14 PEG-16 PEG-20 PEG-32 PEG-40 PEG-75 PEG-100 PEG-150 PEG-200 PEG-350 PEG-3 dimethacrylate Polyethylene glycol Polyethylene, low-density Polyvinyl acetate Polyvinyl chloride Sodium abietate Sodium allyloxy hydroxypropyl sulfonate... 

Palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) oil Sodium stearate soap ingredient, soft Potassium carbonate soap making Sodium abietate soap mfg. 

On a different approach, poly(4-abietylmethylstyrene) was prepared in high yields by the reaction of poly (4-chloromethylstyrene) with sodium abietate. Near-UV irradiation of this novel polymer induced its crosslinking by photodimerization through the conjugated double bonds of the abietate moieties [110], presumably by the formation of dimeric structures similar to those described in Fig. 4.15. Abietic acid dimers were also used as diacids in the synthesis of polyamides by reaction with diamines [111]. 

Poly(vinylbenzyl abietate) was prepared by the polymer reaction of poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) (I) with sodium abietate in chlorobenzene. ... 

The monomer solution makeup involves addition and solubilization of elemental sulfur and rosin (substituted diterpenes) in the chloroprene monomer. The water solution is made in a second vessel. Deionized water, sodium hydroxide, and a dispersant are mixed to form the water solution. The dispersant is a condensation product of naphthalene-sulfonic acid and formaldehyde. The monomer and water solutions are mixed with centrifiigal pumps to form an oil-in-water emulsion. The emulsion formed by virtue of formation of the sodiiun salt of rosin and resin components (abietic and dehydroabietic acids) having hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends. The large carbon-bearing portion of sodium abietate is hydrophobic and thereby solubilizes the monomer. The sodium carboxylate portion of sodium abietate is the hydrophilic end that extends into the aqueous phase and forms the electronic double layer that is critical to emulsion stability (84,85). In the patent example, the emulsion was added to the reactor and the temperatiu-e was increased to 40°C polymerization temperatiu-e (Table 3). 

Potassium laurate and sodium abietate are often used as emulsifiers that are attached to the surfae of the latex particles. There are also emulsifiers such as maleic acid monoesers, methacrylic acid, and vinyl benzene sulfonic acid that are built into the polymer, thus improving the tensile strength of the final rubber coating [483]. The nature and concentration of the emulsifier is also a means to controlling the particle size distribution of the products. In monodisperse lattices the particle size varies by less than 1% which can be achieved by short polymerization times [484,485]... 

Soaps of resin and fatty acid mixtures have very different surfactant properties compared to fatty acids and resin acids alone, especially in waters containing salts. In an early study, tall oil resin acids were found to be much less effective in lowering surface tension than TOFAs [13]. This was studied in more detail later, with sodium oleate and sodium abietate as model compounds [14]. Both sodium oleate (NaOl) and sodium abietate (NaAb) form small micelles at low concentrations with a clearly defined critical micelle concentration (CMC). As expected, the CMC decreases with increasing salt concentration (Table 3.2). 

The solubility decreases for sodium abietate as salt concentration is increased, while it first increases and then decreases for sodium oleate. The 1 1 mixture has a good solubility up to a high salt concentration. It was concluded that sodium oleate and sodium abietate together form very stable mixed micelles. The good solubility of these mixed micelles in salt solutions also enables solubilization of insoluble fatty components at... 

Table 3.2 Critical micelle concentrations for sodium oleate (NaOl) and sodium abietate (NaAb) determined at 60 °C...

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